Environmental Violations Administrative Monetary Penalties Act

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Sections98

• 1Short title

  This Act may be cited as the Environmental Violations Administrative Monetary Penalties Act.

• 2Definitions

  The following definitions apply in this Act.

• 2[p2]Repealed

  Chief Review Officer[Repealed, 2026, c. 3, s. 536]

• 2[p3]

  Environmental Act means the Antarctic Environmental Protection Act, the Canada National Marine Conservation Areas Act, the Canada National Parks Act, the Canada Water Act, the Canada Wildlife Act, the Impact Assessment Act, the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, the International River Improvements Act, the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994, the Rouge National Urban Park Act, the Saguenay-St. Lawrence Marine Park Act or the Wild Animal and Plant Protection and Regulation of International and Interprovincial Trade Act. (loi environnementale)

• 2[p4]

  Minister means

• 2[p4](a)

  with respect to violations that relate to the Antarctic Environmental Protection Act, the Canada Water Act, the Canada Wildlife Act, the Impact Assessment Act, the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, the International River Improvements Act, the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994 or the Wild Animal and Plant Protection and Regulation of International and Interprovincial Trade Act, the Minister of the Environment; and

• 2[p4](b)

  with respect to violations that relate to the Canada National Marine Conservation Areas Act, the Canada National Parks Act, the Rouge National Urban Park Act or the Saguenay-St. Lawrence Marine Park Act, the Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency. (ministre)

• 2[p7]

  penalty means an administrative monetary penalty imposed under this Act for a violation. (pénalité)

• 2[p8]

  prescribed means prescribed by regulation. (Version anglaise seulement)

• 2[p9]Repealed

  review officer[Repealed, 2026, c. 3, s. 536]

• 2[p10]

  Tribunal means the Environmental Protection Tribunal of Canada established by subsection 243(1) of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999. (Tribunal)

• 3Purpose of Act

  The purpose of this Act is to establish, as an alternative to the existing penal system and as a supplement to existing enforcement measures, a fair and efficient administrative monetary penalty system for the enforcement of the Environmental Acts.

• 4Binding on Her Majesty

  This Act is binding on Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province.

• 5Regulations
• 5(1)

  The Governor in Council may make regulations

• 5(1)(a)

  designating as a violation that may be proceeded with in accordance with this Act

• 5(1)(a)(i)

  the contravention of any specified provision of an Environmental Act or of any of its regulations,

• 5(1)(a)(ii)

  the contravention of any order or direction, or of any order or direction of any specified class of orders or directions, made under any provision of an Environmental Act or of any of its regulations,

• 5(1)(a)(iii)

  the failure to comply with any obligation, or with any obligation of any specified class of obligations, arising from an Environmental Act or any of its regulations, or

• 5(1)(a)(iv)

  the failure to comply with any condition of a permit, licence or other authorization, or any condition of any specified class of conditions of permits, licences or other authorizations, issued under an Environmental Act or any of its regulations;

• 5(1)(b)

  respecting the determination of, or the method of determining, the amount payable as the penalty for each violation, penalties which may be different for individuals and other persons, and for ships and vessels;

• 5(1)(c)

  respecting the service of documents required or authorized under this Act, including the manner and proof of service and the circumstances under which documents are deemed to be served;

• 5(1)(d)

  respecting who can request a review under this Act on behalf of a ship or vessel in relation to an alleged violation by the ship or vessel;

• 5(1)(e)

  prescribing anything that by this Act is to be prescribed; and

• 5(1)(f)

  generally, for carrying out the purposes and provisions of this Act.

• 5(2)Restriction

  Only contraventions and failures to comply that are offences under an Environmental Act may be designated under paragraph (1)(a).

• 5(3)Restriction — Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999

  With respect to the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, only a contravention or a failure to comply arising out of any provision of Part 7 and 9 or out of any provision of any regulation made under either of those Parts, may be designated under paragraph (1)(a).

• 5(3.1)Restriction — Impact Assessment Act

  With respect to the Impact Assessment Act, only the following contraventions or failures may be designated under paragraph (1)(a):

• 5(3.1)(a)

  a contravention under section 7, subsection 122(5), 125(3), 129(1), 135(2) or 141(4) or (5) or section 142 or 143 of that Act;

• 5(3.1)(b)

  a contravention of a condition established under subsection 64(2) of that Act or added or amended under section 68 of the Act; or

• 5(3.1)(c)

  a failure to provide to the Minister information required under subsection 72(1) of that Act.

• 5(3.2)Restriction — Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act

  With respect to the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, only a contravention or a failure to comply arising out of any provision of Part 2 of that Act or out of any provision of any regulation made under that Part may be designated under paragraph (1)(a).

• 5(4)Restriction — amount of penalty

  The amount that may be determined under any regulations made under paragraph (1)(b) as the penalty for a violation may not be more than $5,000, in the case of an individual, and $25,000, in the case of any other person or a ship or a vessel.

• 6Powers regarding notices of violation

  The Minister may

• 6(a)

  establish the form of notices of violation;

• 6(b)

  designate persons, or classes of persons, who are authorized to issue notices of violation; and

• 6(c)

  establish, in respect of each violation, a short-form description to be used in notices of violation.

• 7Commission

  Every person, ship or vessel that contravenes or fails to comply with a provision, order, direction, obligation or condition designated by regulations made under paragraph 5(1)(a) commits a violation and is liable to an administrative monetary penalty of an amount to be determined in accordance with the regulations.

• 8Liability of directors, officers, etc., of corporations
• 8(1)

  If a corporation commits a violation, any director, officer, agent or mandatary of the corporation who directed, authorized, assented to, acquiesced in or participated in the commission of the violation is a party to the violation and is liable to an administrative monetary penalty of an amount to be determined in accordance with the regulations, whether or not the corporation has been proceeded against in accordance with this Act.

• 8(2)Liability of directors and officers of corporate owners of ships and vessels

  If a ship or vessel commits a violation, every director or officer of a corporation that is an owner or an operator of the ship or vessel who directed or influenced the corporation’s policies or activities in respect of conduct that is the subject matter of the violation is a party to the violation and is liable to an administrative monetary penalty of an amount to be determined in accordance with the regulations, whether or not the ship or vessel has been proceeded against in accordance with this Act.

• 8(3)Liability of owners, operators, masters and chief engineers of ships and vessels

  If a ship or vessel commits a violation and the owner, operator, master or chief engineer of the ship or vessel directed, authorized, assented to, acquiesced in or participated in the commission of the violation, the owner, operator, master or chief engineer, as the case may be, is a party to the violation and is liable to an administrative monetary penalty of an amount to be determined in accordance with the regulations, whether or not the ship or vessel has been proceeded against in accordance with this Act.

• 9Proof of violation — persons
• 9(1)

  In any proceedings under this Act against a person in relation to a violation, it is sufficient proof of the violation to establish that it was committed by an employee or agent or mandatary of the person, whether or not the agent or mandatary has been proceeded against in accordance with this Act.

• 9(2)Proof of violation — masters of ships

  In any proceedings under this Act against the master of a ship or vessel for a violation, it is sufficient proof of the violation to establish that it was committed by a crew member or other person on board the ship or vessel, whether or not the crew member or other person has been proceeded against in accordance with this Act.

• 9(3)Proof of offence — pilots

  In any proceedings under this Act against the pilot in command of an aircraft for a violation, it is sufficient proof of the violation to establish that it was committed by a crew member or other person on board the aircraft, whether or not the crew member or other person has been proceeded against in accordance with this Act.

• 10Issuance and service of notice of violation
• 10(1)

  If a person designated under paragraph 6(b) believes on reasonable grounds that a person, ship or vessel has committed a violation, the designated person may issue a notice of violation and shall cause it to be served on the person, ship or vessel according to the Regulations.

• 10(2)Contents

  The notice of violation must

• 10(2)(a)

  name the person, ship or vessel that is believed to have committed the violation;

• 10(2)(b)

  set out the relevant facts surrounding the violation;

• 10(2)(c)

  set out the penalty for the violation;

• 10(2)(d)

  inform the person, ship or vessel of their right to request a review with respect to the alleged violation or penalty, and of the period within which that right must be exercised;

• 10(2)(e)

  inform the person, ship or vessel of the manner of paying the penalty set out in the notice; and

• 10(2)(f)

  inform the person, ship or vessel that, if they do not pay the penalty or exercise their rights referred to in paragraph (d), they will be considered to have committed the violation and that they are liable for the penalty set out in the notice.

• 11Certain defences not available
• 11(1)

  A person, ship or vessel named in a notice of violation does not have a defence by reason that the person or, in the case of a ship or vessel, its owner, operator, master or chief engineer

• 11(1)(a)

  exercised due diligence to prevent the violation; or

• 11(1)(b)

  reasonably and honestly believed in the existence of facts that, if true, would exonerate the person, ship or vessel.

• 11(2)Common law principles

  Every rule and principle of the common law that renders any circumstance a justification or excuse in relation to a charge for an offence under an Environmental Act applies in respect of a violation to the extent that it is not inconsistent with this Act.

• 12Continuing violation

  A violation that is committed or continued on more than one day constitutes a separate violation for each day on which it is committed or continued.

• 12.1Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act

  If subsection 174(1) or paragraph 178(1)(a) of the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act is designated by regulations made under paragraph 5(1)(a) of this Act, each CO2e tonne of a greenhouse gas that is emitted over the applicable emissions limit for which no compensation is provided by the increased-rate compensation deadline constitutes a separate violation.

• 13Violation or offence
• 13(1)

  Proceeding with any act or omission as a violation under this Act precludes proceeding with it as an offence under an Environmental Act, and proceeding with it as an offence under an Environmental Act precludes proceeding with it as a violation under this Act.

• 13(2)Violations not offences

  For greater certainty, a violation is not an offence and, accordingly, section 126 of the Criminal Code does not apply in respect of a violation.

• 14Limitation period

  No notice of violation in respect of a violation may be issued more than two years after the day on which the subject matter of the violation arises.

• 15Right to request review

  A person, ship or vessel that is served with a notice of violation may, within 30 days after the day on which the notice is served, or within any longer period that the Tribunal allows, make a request to the Tribunal for a review of the penalty or the facts of the alleged violation, or both.

• 16Variation or cancellation of notice of violation

  At any time before the Tribunal receives a request for a review in respect of a notice of violation, a person designated under paragraph 6(b) may cancel the notice of violation or correct an error in it.

• 17Review

  When the Tribunal receives a request made under section 15, the Chairperson of the Tribunal must conduct the review or designate a member, or a panel of three members, of the Tribunal to conduct it.

• 18Right to appear

  The person, ship or vessel that requests the review and the Minister may appear in person or may be represented by counsel or by any other representative.

• 19Witnesses
• 19(1)

  The Tribunal may summon any person to appear as a witness and may order the witness to

• 19(1)(a)

  give evidence orally or in writing; and

• 19(1)(b)

  produce any documents and things that the Tribunal considers necessary for the purpose of the review.

• 19(2)Enforcement of summonses and orders

  Any summons issued or order made under subsection (1) may be made a summons or an order of the Federal Court or of the superior court of a province and is enforceable in the same manner as a summons or an order of that court.

• 19(3)Procedure

  To make a summons issued or an order made under subsection (1) a summons or an order of the Federal Court or of the superior court of a province, the usual practice and procedure of the court in such matters may be followed, or a certified copy of the summons or order may be filed with the court’s registrar and the summons or order then becomes a summons or an order of that court.

• 19(4)Fees for witnesses

  A witness who is served with a summons is entitled to receive the fees and allowances to which persons who are summoned to appear as witnesses before the Federal Court are entitled.

• 20Decision
• 20(1)

  After giving the person, ship or vessel that requested the review and the Minister reasonable notice orally or in writing of a hearing and allowing a reasonable opportunity in the circumstances for the person, ship or vessel and the Minister to make oral representations, the Tribunal must determine whether the person, ship or vessel committed a violation.

• 20(2)Burden

  The Minister has the burden of establishing, on a balance of probabilities, that the person, ship or vessel committed the violation.

• 20(3)Correction of penalty

  If the Tribunal determines that the penalty for the violation was not determined in accordance with the regulations, it must correct the amount of the penalty.

• 21Service of copy and reasons

  The Tribunal must render its determination, with reasons, in writing within 30 days after the day on which the review is completed and, without delay, provide the Minister and the person, ship or vessel to which the determination relates with a copy of the determination and reasons.

• 22Responsibility

  If the Tribunal determines that a person, ship or vessel has committed a violation, the person, ship or vessel is liable for the amount of the penalty as set out in the determination.

• 23Determination is final

  A determination made under section 20 is final and binding and, except for judicial review under the Federal Courts Act, is not subject to appeal or review by any court.

• 24Rules

  The Chairperson of the Tribunal may make rules

• 24(a)

  to govern the practice and procedure in respect of reviews under this Act;

• 24(b)

  generally, to govern the work of the Tribunal in respect of reviews under this Act; and

• 24(c)

  to prevent trade secrets and information described in section 20 of the Access to Information Act from being disclosed or made public as a result of their being used as evidence in a review under this Act, including rules to provide for hearings or parts of hearings to be held in public or in private.

• 25Payment

  If a person, ship or vessel pays the penalty set out in a notice of violation, the person, ship or vessel is considered to have committed the violation and proceedings in respect of it are ended.

• 26Failure to act

  A person, ship or vessel that neither pays a penalty imposed under this Act nor requests a review in the prescribed time is considered to have committed the violation and is liable for the penalty.

• 27Debts to Her Majesty
• 27(1)

  A penalty constitutes a debt due to Her Majesty in right of Canada and may be recovered in the Federal Court or any other court of competent jurisdiction.

• 27(2)Limitation period

  No proceedings to recover the debt may be instituted more than five years after the day on which the debt becomes payable.

• 27(3)Application of fines

  All penalties received by the Receiver General in respect of the commission of a violation are to be credited to the Environmental Damages Fund, an account in the accounts of Canada, and used for purposes related to protecting, conserving or restoring the environment or for administering that Fund.

• 28Certificate
• 28(1)

  The Minister may issue a certificate certifying the unpaid amount of any debt referred to in subsection 27(1).

• 28(2)Registration in Federal Court

  Registration in the Federal Court or in any other court of competent jurisdiction of a certificate issued under subsection (1) has the same effect as a judgment of that court for a debt of the amount specified in the certificate and all related registration costs.

• 29Admissibility of documents

  In the absence of evidence to the contrary, a document that appears to be a notice issued under subsection 10(1) is presumed to be authentic and is proof of its contents in any proceeding in respect of a violation.