Special Economic Measures Act

This Act may be cited as the Special Economic Measures Act.

In this Act,

Canadian means a person who is a citizen within the meaning of the Citizenship Act or a body corporate incorporated or continued by or under the laws of Canada or of a province; (Canadien)

entity means a body corporate, trust, partnership, fund, an unincorporated association or organization or a foreign state; (entité)

foreign state means a country other than Canada, and includes

any political subdivision of a foreign state,

the government, and any department, of a foreign state or of a political subdivision thereof, and

any agency of a foreign state or of a political subdivision thereof; (État étranger)

national, in relation to a foreign state, means an individual who possesses the nationality of that state as determined in accordance with the laws of that state or a body corporate incorporated or continued by or under the laws of that state; (nationaux)

person means an individual or an entity; (personne)

property means any type of property, whether real or personal or immovable or movable, or tangible or intangible or corporeal or incorporeal, and includes money, funds, currency, digital assets and virtual currency; (bien)

technical data includes blueprints, technical drawings, photographic imagery, computer software, models, formulas, engineering designs and specifications, technical and operating manuals and any technical information or know-how. (données techniques)

If a person controls an entity other than a foreign state, any property that is owned — or that is held or controlled, directly or indirectly — by the entity is deemed to be owned by that person.

For the purposes of subsection (1), a person controls an entity, directly or indirectly, if any of the following criteria are met:

the person holds, directly or indirectly, 50% or more of the shares or ownership interests in the entity or 50% or more of the voting rights in the entity;

the person is able, directly or indirectly, to change the composition or powers of the entity’s board of directors; or

it is reasonable to conclude, having regard to all the circumstances, that the person is able, directly or indirectly and through any means, to direct the entity’s activities.

This Act is binding on Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province.

The purpose of this Act is to enable the Government of Canada to take economic measures against certain persons in circumstances where an international organization of states or association of states of which Canada is a member calls on its members to do so, a grave breach of international peace and security has occurred, gross and systematic human rights violations have been committed in a foreign state or acts of significant corruption involving a national of a foreign state have been committed.

The Governor in Council may, if the Governor in Council is of the opinion that any of the circumstances described in subsection (1.1) has occurred,

make any orders or regulations with respect to the restriction or prohibition of any of the activities referred to in subsection (2) in relation to a foreign state that the Governor in Council considers necessary; and

by order, cause to be seized or restrained in the manner set out in the order any property situated in Canada that is owned — or that is held or controlled, directly or indirectly — by a foreign state or a person who is identified in an order or regulation made under paragraph (1)(a).

The circumstances referred to in subsection (1) are the following:

an international organization of states or association of states, of which Canada is a member, has made a decision or a recommendation or adopted a resolution calling on its members to take economic measures against a foreign state;

a grave breach of international peace and security has occurred that has resulted in or is likely to result in a serious international crisis;

gross and systematic human rights violations have been committed in a foreign state; or

a national of a foreign state who is either a foreign public official, within the meaning of section 2 of the Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act, or an associate of such an official, is responsible for or complicit in ordering, controlling or otherwise directing acts of corruption — including bribery, the misappropriation of private or public assets for personal gain, the transfer of the proceeds of corruption to foreign states or any act of corruption related to expropriation, government contracts or the extraction of natural resources — which amount to acts of significant corruption when taking into consideration, among other things, their impact, the amounts involved, the foreign national’s influence or position of authority or the complicity of the government of the foreign state in question in the acts.

Orders and regulations may be made pursuant to paragraph (1)(a) with respect to the restriction or prohibition of any of the following activities, whether carried out in or outside Canada, in relation to a foreign state:

any dealing by any person in Canada or Canadian outside Canada in any property, wherever situated, that is owned — or that is held or controlled, directly or indirectly — by that foreign state, any person in that foreign state, a national of that foreign state who does not ordinarily reside in Canada or a person outside Canada who is not Canadian;

the exportation, sale, supply or shipment by any person in Canada or Canadian outside Canada of any goods wherever situated to that foreign state, any person in that foreign state or a person outside Canada who is not Canadian, or any other dealing by any person in Canada or Canadian outside Canada in any goods wherever situated destined for that foreign state, any person in that foreign state or a person outside Canada who is not Canadian;

the transfer, provision or communication by any person in Canada or Canadian outside Canada of any technical data to that foreign state, any person in that foreign state or a person outside Canada who is not Canadian;

the importation, purchase, acquisition or shipment by any person in Canada or Canadian outside Canada of any goods that are exported, supplied or shipped from that foreign state after a date specified in the order or regulations, or any other dealing by any person in Canada or Canadian outside Canada in any such goods;

the provision or acquisition by any person in Canada or Canadian outside Canada of financial services or any other services to, from or for the benefit of or on the direction or order of that foreign state, any person in that foreign state or a person outside Canada who is not Canadian;

the transfer or provision by any person in Canada or Canadian outside Canada of property other than goods to that foreign state, any person in that foreign state, a national of that foreign state who does not ordinarily reside in Canada or a person outside Canada who is not Canadian;

the docking in that foreign state of ships registered or licensed, or for which an identification number has been issued, pursuant to any Act of Parliament;

the landing in that foreign state of aircraft registered in Canada or operated in connection with a Canadian air service licence;

the docking in or passage through Canada by ships registered in that foreign state or used, leased or chartered, in whole or in part, by or on behalf of or for the benefit of that foreign state, any person in that foreign state or a person outside Canada who is not Canadian; and

the landing in or flight over Canada by aircraft registered in that foreign state or used, leased or chartered, in whole or in part, by or on behalf of or for the benefit of that foreign state, any person in that foreign state or a person outside Canada who is not Canadian.

The Minister of Finance must be consulted before an order or regulation is made under subsection (1) if any of the following persons would be identified in the order or regulation:

a foreign entity that is identified by the Financial Stability Board as a global systemically important bank;

a foreign institution, as defined in section 2 of the Bank Act, that carries on business in Canada;

a foreign payment service provider, as defined in section 2 of the Retail Payment Activities Act, that directs retail payment activities, as defined in that section, at persons that are in Canada;

a central bank of a foreign state;

a foreign entity that operates a stock exchange or a clearing and settlement system.

Any order or regulation made pursuant to subsection (1) may exclude any person, property, goods, technical data, services, transactions, ships or aircraft or any class thereof from the application of the order or regulation.

The Governor in Council may, by order, authorize the Minister to

issue to any person in Canada or Canadian outside Canada a permit to carry out a specified activity or transaction, or class of activity or transaction, that is restricted or prohibited under this Part or any order or regulations made under this Part; or

issue a general permit allowing any person in Canada or Canadian outside Canada to carry out a specified activity or transaction, or class of activity or transaction, that is restricted or prohibited under this Part or any order or regulations made under this Part.

The Minister may issue a permit or general permit, subject to any terms and conditions that are, in the opinion of the Minister, consistent with this Part and any order or regulations made under this Part.

The Minister may amend, suspend, revoke or reinstate any permit issued by the Minister under subsection (4).

Any costs incurred by or on behalf of Her Majesty in right of Canada in relation to the seizure or restraint of property under an order made under paragraph 4(1)(b) or the disposal of property forfeited under section 5.4 are the liability of the owner of the property and constitute a debt due to Her Majesty in right of Canada that may be recovered in any court of competent jurisdiction.

A person whose property is the subject of an order made under paragraph 4(1)(b) may, unless the property is the subject of a forfeiture order, apply at any time to the Minister in writing to request that the property cease being the subject of the order made under that paragraph.

On receipt of an application, the Minister must decide whether there are reasonable grounds to recommend to the Governor in Council that the property cease to be the subject of the order.

All secured and unsecured rights and interests in any property that is the subject of an order made under paragraph 4(1)(b) that are held by a person are entitled to the same ranking that they would have been entitled to had the order not been made, unless

the person is the foreign state identified in the order or a person identified in the order; or

the property is forfeited to Her Majesty in right of Canada under section 5.4.

The following definitions apply in sections 5.4 to 5.6.

judge means a judge of a superior court of the province where property described in an order made under paragraph 4(1)(b) is situated. (juge)

Minister means the Minister responsible under section 6 for the administration of an order made under paragraph 4(1)(b). (ministre)

On application by the Minister, a judge shall order that the property that is the subject of the application be forfeited to Her Majesty in right of Canada if the judge determines, based on the evidence presented, that the property

is described in an order made under paragraph 4(1)(b); and

is owned by the person referred to in that order or is held or controlled, directly or indirectly, by that person.

Before making the order in relation to the property, the court shall require notice to be given to any person who, in the court’s opinion, appears to have an interest in or right to the property, and the court may hear any such person.

The notice shall

be given in the manner that the court directs or that may be specified in the rules of the court;

specify the period that the court considers reasonable or that may be set out in the rules of the court during which a person may, before the order in relation to the property is made, make an application to the court asserting their interest in or right to the property; and

set out a description of the property.

Any person — other than a person referred to in paragraph 5.2(a) — who claims an interest in or right to property that is forfeited to Her Majesty under subsection (1) may, within 30 days after the day on which the property is forfeited, apply in writing to a judge for an order declaring that their interest or right is not affected by the forfeiture, declaring the nature and extent of the interest or right and directing the Minister to pay to the person an amount equal to the value of their interest or right.

If the property that is the subject of a forfeiture order consists of all of the shares of a corporation, the corporation is deemed not to be a Crown corporation as defined in subsection 83(1) of the Financial Administration Act.

After consulting with the Minister of Finance and the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister may — at the times and in the manner, and on any terms and conditions, that the Minister considers appropriate — pay out of the Proceeds Account, as defined in section 2 of the Seized Property Management Act, amounts not exceeding the net proceeds from the disposition of property forfeited under section 5.4, but only for any of the following purposes:

the reconstruction of a foreign state adversely affected by a grave breach of international peace and security;

the restoration of international peace and security; and

the compensation of victims of a grave breach of international peace and security, gross and systematic human rights violations or acts of significant corruption.

Subject to subsection (2), the Minister of Foreign Affairs is responsible for the administration and enforcement of this Act other than Part 2.

The Governor in Council may, by order, designate one or more Ministers of the Crown to discharge such responsibilities as the Governor in Council may specify with respect to the administration or enforcement of any of the provisions of this Part or any order or regulations made under this Part.

The Governor in Council may, by order, designate a Minister of the Crown as a Minister having the duty, for the purpose only of submitting a report to the Governor in Council with respect to claims for compensation, to receive and assess reasonable claims for compensation from any person who alleges to have suffered any loss or damages as a result of anything done or purported to have been done under this Part or any order or regulations made under this Part.

The following persons may assist the Minister in matters relating to the making, administration or enforcement of an order or regulation referred to in subsection 4(1) and, for that purpose, may collect information from and disclose information to each other:

the Minister of Foreign Affairs;

the Minister of Finance;

the Minister of Public Works and Government Services;

the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness;

the Minister of Transport;

the Minister of National Revenue;

the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada;

the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration;

the Director of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service;

the Chief of the Communications Security Establishment;

the President of the Canada Border Services Agency; and

the Superintendent of Financial Institutions.

The Commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police may assist the Minister in matters related to the making of an order under paragraph 4(1)(b), the seizure or restraint of any property that is the subject of such an order or the making of an application for forfeiture of the property under section 5.4 and, for that purpose, may collect information from and disclose information to the persons referred to in section 6.1.

For greater certainty, nothing in subsection (1) is to be construed as affecting the powers of a peace officer that are conferred under legislation or the common law.

The Minister may disclose to the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada any information that is relevant to the making, administration or enforcement of an order or regulation referred to in subsection 4(1).

The Minister of Foreign Affairs may require any person to provide to that Minister any information that that Minister believes on reasonable grounds is relevant for the purposes of the making, administration or enforcement of an order or regulation referred to in subsection 4(1).

Every person who is required to provide information under subsection (1) shall comply with the requirement within the time and in the form and manner specified by that Minister.

Every order and regulation made under paragraph 4(1)(a) shall be laid before each House of Parliament by a member of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada within five sitting days of that House after it is made.

Where an order or regulation has been laid before a House of Parliament pursuant to subsection (1), a motion for the consideration of that House, to the effect that the order or regulation be amended or revoked, signed by may be filed with the Speaker of that House.

not less than fifty members of the House of Commons, in the case of a motion for the consideration of the House of Commons, and

not less than twenty members of the Senate, in the case of a motion for the consideration of the Senate,

Where a motion for the consideration of a House of Parliament is filed in accordance with subsection (2), that House shall, not later than the sixth sitting day of that House following the filing of the motion, take up and consider the motion, unless a motion to the like effect has earlier been taken up and is being considered in the other House.

A motion taken up and considered in a House of Parliament in accordance with subsection (3) shall be debated without interruption for not more than three hours or such longer period as that House may, with the unanimous consent of its members, fix and, on the conclusion of the debate or on the expiration of the third hour of debate, whichever is earlier, the Speaker of that House shall immediately put every question necessary for the disposal of the motion.

If a motion taken up and considered in a House of Parliament in accordance with subsection (3) is adopted, with or without amendments, a message shall be sent from that House informing the other House that the motion has been so adopted and requesting that the motion be concurred in by that other House.

Within the first fifteen days that it is sitting after receiving a request pursuant to subsection (5), the House receiving the request shall take up and consider the motion that is the subject of the request, and all questions in connection with the motion shall be debated without interruption for not more than three hours or such longer period as that House may, with the unanimous consent of its members, fix and, on the conclusion of the debate or on the expiration of the third hour of debate, whichever is earlier, the Speaker of that House shall immediately put every question necessary to determine whether or not the motion is concurred in.

Where a motion taken up and considered in accordance with this section is adopted, with or without amendments, by the House of Parliament in which it was introduced and is concurred in by the other House, the order or regulation to which the motion relates is revoked or amended effective on the day specified in the motion, which day may not be earlier than the day of the vote of concurrence.

Where a motion taken up and considered in accordance with this section is not adopted by the House of Parliament in which it was introduced, or is adopted, with or without amendments, by that House but is not concurred in by the other House, the order or regulation to which the motion relates shall remain unaffected.

The Governor in Council shall submit a full report on the operation of any order or regulation made pursuant to this Part within sixty sitting days after the said order or regulation has ceased to have effect and the report shall be referred to a committee to be designated by each House of Parliament.

The Minister of Foreign Affairs may, with the approval of the Governor in Council, enter into an agreement with the government of any foreign state respecting the use by the foreign state, for any of the following purposes, of amounts that may be paid out under section 5.6:

the reconstruction of the foreign state adversely affected by a grave breach of international peace and security;

the restoration of international peace and security; and

the compensation of victims of a grave breach of international peace and security, gross and systematic human rights violations or acts of significant corruption.

Every person who wilfully contravenes or fails to comply with an order or regulation made under section 4

is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liable to a fine not exceeding twenty-five thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, or to both; or

is guilty of an indictable offence and is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years.

A person having the powers of an officer under the Customs Act, the Excise Act or the Excise Act, 2001 is deemed to be a peace officer for the purposes of this Part and sections 487 to 490, 491.l and 491.2 of the Criminal Code.

A peace officer may search any building, receptacle or place for anything without a warrant if the conditions for obtaining a warrant exist but by reason of exigent circumstances it would be impractical to obtain a warrant, and may seize any such thing found therein.

in respect of which there are reasonable grounds to believe that any offence against this Part has been committed,

that there are reasonable grounds to believe has been used in the commission of an offence against this Part, or

that there are reasonable grounds to believe will afford evidence with respect to the commission of an offence against this Part

The original or a copy of a bill of lading, customs document, commercial invoice or other document is admissible in evidence in a prosecution under this Part in relation to any dealing with respect to goods where it appears from the document that

the goods were sent or shipped from Canada or into Canada;

a person, as shipper, consignor or consignee, sent or shipped the goods from Canada or into Canada; or

the goods were sent or shipped to a particular destination or person.

In the absence of evidence to the contrary, a document that is admissible in evidence under subsection (1) is proof of any of the facts set out in paragraph (1)(a), (b) or (c) that appear from the document.

Any proceedings in respect of an offence under this Part may be tried and determined by the court having jurisdiction at the place in Canada where the offence was committed or at the place in Canada in which the person charged with the offence is, resides or has an office or place of business at the time of commencement of the proceedings.

Where a Canadian is alleged to have committed, outside Canada, an offence against this Part, any proceedings in respect of that offence may, whether or not that person is in Canada, be commenced in any territorial division in Canada and the accused may be tried and punished in respect of that offence in the same manner as if the offence had been committed in that territorial division.

For greater certainty, the provisions of the Criminal Code relating to apply to proceedings commenced in any territorial division pursuant to subsection (2).

requirements that an accused appear at and be present during proceedings, and

the exception to those requirements,

Proceedings with respect to an offence under this Part may only be commenced with the consent of the Attorney General of Canada.

The following definitions apply in this Part.

federal financial institution means a financial institution, as defined in section 3 of the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Act. (institution financière fédérale)

foreign property means any property that is situated in Canada and that is owned — or is held or controlled, directly or indirectly — by a person, including a foreign state, that is identified in an order or regulation made under subsection 4(1). (bien étranger)

On the recommendation of the Minister of Finance made after that Minister has consulted with the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Governor in Council may make regulations requiring that a federal financial institution provide the Minister of Finance with information on

any foreign property that is in the federal financial institution’s possession or control; and

any profits that the federal financial institution realizes from such foreign property.

The regulations may include rules respecting

the manner of determining the amount of any profits;

the non-application of the regulations to any foreign property or profits;

the time within which and the manner in which information must be provided; and

any other matter related to the administration of the regulations.

The Minister of Finance may make an order directing a specified federal financial institution to pay to the Receiver General any profits realized from foreign property that is in the federal financial institution’s possession or control, in the amount that is specified in the order or determined in the manner set out in the order.

The order may include rules respecting

the time within which and the manner in which the profits must be paid; and

any other matter related to the administration of the order.

An amount payable under the order and any costs incurred by or on behalf of His Majesty in right of Canada in relation to recovering the amount are the liability of the federal financial institution that is required to pay the amount and constitute a debt due to His Majesty in right of Canada that may be recovered in any court of competent jurisdiction.

The order is not a statutory instrument for the purposes of the Statutory Instruments Act.

The Minister of Finance is responsible for the administration and enforcement of this Part.

The Minister of Foreign Affairs, any Minister designated under subsection 6(2) or (3), the Superintendent of Financial Institutions and the Director of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service may assist the Minister of Finance in matters relating to the making, administration or enforcement of regulations referred to in subsection 14(1) or an order referred to in subsection 15(1) and, for that purpose, those persons and the Minister of Finance may collect information from and disclose information to each other.

The Minister of Finance may disclose to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police or the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada any information that is relevant to the making, administration or enforcement of regulations referred to in subsection 14(1) or an order referred to in subsection 15(1).

At the request of the Minister of Finance, the Commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police may, for the purposes of this Part, disclose to the Minister of Finance any information received from a federal financial institution under an order or regulation made under Part 1.

A regulation or order may be made under Part 2 of the Special Economic Measures Act with respect to any profits referred to in that Part that are realized before the day on which this section comes into force only if the profits are realized from property that is owned — or held or controlled, directly or indirectly — by Russia, as defined in section 1 of the Special Economic Measures (Russia) Regulations, or by a person who is identified in those Regulations.