Canada Wildlife Act

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Sections347

• 1Short title

  This Act may be cited as the Canada Wildlife Act.

• 2Definitions
• 2(1)

  In this Act,

• 2(1)[p3]Repealed

  Chief Review Officer[Repealed, 2026, c. 3, s. 527]

• 2(1)[p4]

  conveyance means a vehicle, aircraft or water-borne craft or any other contrivance that is used to move persons or goods; (moyen de transport)

• 2(1)[p5]

  Environmental Protection Tribunal of Canada means the Environmental Protection Tribunal of Canada established by subsection 243(1) of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999; (Tribunal de la protection de l’environnement du Canada)

• 2(1)[p6]

  Minister means the Minister of the Environment or, in respect of any matter related to the Northern Pipeline referred to in the Northern Pipeline Act, the member of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada designated as the Minister for the purposes of that Act; (ministre)

• 2(1)[p6](a)
• 2(1)[p7]

  public lands means lands belonging to Her Majesty in right of Canada and lands that the Government of Canada has power to dispose of, subject to the terms of any agreement between the Government of Canada and the government of the province in which the lands are situated, and includes

• 2(1)[p6](b)
• 2(1)[p7](a)

  any waters on or flowing through the lands and the natural resources of the lands, and

• 2(1)[p7](b)

  the internal waters and the territorial sea of Canada. (terres domaniales)

• 2(1)[p9]
• 2(1)[p10]Repealed

  wildlife[Repealed, 1994, c. 23, s. 4]

• 2(2)Possession

  For the purposes of this Act,

• 2(2)(a)

  a person has anything in possession when the person has it in their personal possession or knowingly

• 2(2)(a)(i)

  has it in the actual possession or custody of another person, or

• 2(2)(a)(ii)

  has it in any place, whether or not that place belongs to or is occupied by the person, for their own use or benefit or for the use or benefit of another person; and

• 2(2)(b)

  where a person has anything in their custody or possession with the knowledge and consent of another person or other persons, it is in the custody and possession of each and all of them.

• 2(3)Repealed

  [Repealed, 2024, c. 30, s. 5]

• 2(4)Application

  The provisions of this Act respecting wildlife apply in respect of

• 2(4)(a)

  any animal, plant or other organism belonging to a species that is wild by nature or that is not easily distinguishable from such a species; and

• 2(4)(b)

  the habitat of any such animal, plant or other organism.

• 2.1Binding on Her Majesty

  This Act is binding on Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province.

• 3Powers of the Minister

  The Minister may

• 3(a)

  undertake, promote and recommend measures for the encouragement of public cooperation in wildlife conservation and interpretation;

• 3(b)

  initiate conferences and meetings respecting wildlife research, conservation and interpretation;

• 3(c)

  undertake programs for wildlife research and investigation, and establish and maintain laboratories and other necessary facilities for that purpose;

• 3(d)

  establish such advisory committees as the Minister deems necessary and appoint the members of those committees; and

• 3(e)

  coordinate and implement wildlife policies and programs in cooperation with the government of any province having an interest therein.

• 4
• 4(1)Repealed

  [Repealed, 1999, c. 31, s. 222]

• 4(2)Powers of Minister on public lands assigned

  Where the administration of any public lands has been assigned to the Minister pursuant to any federal law by reason of being required for wildlife research, conservation or interpretation, the Minister may

• 4(2)(a)

  take charge of all wildlife research facilities operated on those lands;

• 4(2)(b)

  provide advice relating to any wildlife research, conservation and interpretation being carried out on those lands;

• 4(2)(c)

  subject to the regulations, carry out measures for the conservation of wildlife on those lands not inconsistent with any law respecting wildlife in the province in which the lands are situated; and

• 4(2)(d)

  subject to the regulations, establish facilities or construct, maintain and operate works for wildlife research, conservation and interpretation on those lands.

• 4(3)Powers in relation to lands administered by other ministers

  If public lands under the administration of a minister of the Crown other than the Minister are, in the opinion of the Minister and the other minister, required for wildlife research, conservation or interpretation, the Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of both ministers, by order, authorize the Minister to exercise, with the concurrence of the other minister, the powers referred to in subsection (2) in relation to those lands or any portion of them specified in the order.

• 4.1Protected marine areas
• 4.1(1)

  The Governor in Council may establish protected marine areas in any area of the sea that forms part of the internal waters of Canada, the territorial sea of Canada or the exclusive economic zone of Canada.

• 4.1(2)Advice and conservation measures

  The Minister may provide advice relating to any wildlife research, conservation and interpretation carried out in protected marine areas and may carry out measures for the conservation of wildlife in those areas.

• 4.2Delegation by Minister
• 4.2(1)

  The Minister may delegate to any minister of the Crown in right of Canada any power conferred on the Minister under this Act. The other minister may then exercise the power subject to any terms and conditions that the Minister specifies.

• 4.2(2)Sub-delegation

  The other minister may delegate any power delegated under subsection (1) to any person employed in any department for which that other minister is responsible.

• 5Agreements

  The Minister may, with the approval of the Governor in Council, enter into an agreement with the government of any province to provide for

• 5(a)

  the undertaking of wildlife research, conservation and interpretation programs and measures, the administration of lands for those purposes or the construction, maintenance and operation of facilities and works related thereto; and

• 5(b)

  the payment of contributions in respect of the costs of those programs and measures.

• 6Provisions to be included

  Any agreement entered into pursuant to section 5 shall

• 6(a)

  specify the portions, if any, of the cost of any program or measure to which the agreement relates that are payable by the Government of Canada and the government of the province or the amount of any contribution in respect of the cost of any program or measure that is payable by the Government of Canada and the time or times at which any amounts under the agreement will be paid;

• 6(b)

  specify the authority that will be responsible for the undertaking, operation and maintenance of any program or measure to which the agreement relates or any part thereof;

• 6(c)

  specify the proportions of the revenues from any program or measure to which the agreement relates that are payable to the Government of Canada and the government of the province; and

• 6(d)

  specify the terms and conditions governing the operation and maintenance of any program or measure to which the agreement relates and the charges, if any, to be charged to persons to whom any of the benefits of the program or measure are made available.

• 7Other agreements
• 7(1)

  Subject to subsection (2), the Minister may enter into an agreement for the purposes set out in paragraphs 5(a) and (b) with any municipal authority or other organization or with any person, subject to the provisions of section 6, with such modifications as the circumstances require.

• 7(2)Provincial approval

  The Minister shall not conclude any agreement referred to in subsection (1) except with the approval of the government of the province in which the program or measure to which the agreement relates is to be implemented or the property to which the agreement relates is situated.

• 8Measures for protection

  The Minister may, in cooperation with one or more provincial governments having an interest therein, take such measures as the Minister deems necessary for the protection of any species of wildlife in danger of extinction.

• 9Acquisition of Lands
• 9(1)

  The Governor in Council may autho­rize the Minister to lease any lands, or purchase or acquire any lands or any interests or rights in any lands, for the purpose of research, conservation and interpretation in respect of

• 9(1)(a)

  migratory birds; or

• 9(1)(b)

  with the agreement of the government of the province having an interest therein, other wildlife.

• 9(2)Restrictions

  Lands or interests or rights in lands purchased or acquired under subsection (1) shall not be disposed of, and no person shall use or occupy the lands, except under the authority of this Act or the regulations.

• 9(3)Disposition or lease of lands

  The Minister may authorize the disposition or lease of lands purchased or acquired under subsection (1) if, in the opinion of the Governor in Council, the disposition or lease is compatible with wildlife research, conservation and interpretation.

• 10Property acquired by gift or bequest

  Where Her Majesty has acquired any money, securities or other property by gift, bequest or otherwise for any purpose relating to wildlife, the Minister shall expend, administer or dispose of the money, securities or other property subject to the terms, if any, on which the money, securities or other property was given, bequeathed or otherwise made available to Her Majesty.

• 11Designation of wildlife officers and analysts
• 11(1)

  The Minister may designate any person or class of persons to act as wildlife officers or analysts for the purposes of this Act and the regulations.

• 11(2)Designation of provincial government employees

  The Minister may not designate any person or class of persons employed by the government of a province unless that government agrees.

• 11(3)Certificate of designation

  Every wildlife officer and analyst must be provided with a certificate of his or her designation as a wildlife officer, or as an analyst, as the case may be, in a form approved by the Minister and, on entering any place under this Act, the officer or analyst shall, if so requested, show the certificate to the occupant or person in charge of the place.

• 11(4)Powers of peace officers

  For the purposes of this Act and the regulations, wildlife officers have all the powers of a peace officer, but the Minister may specify limits on those powers when designating any person or class of persons.

• 11(5)Exemptions for law enforcement activities

  For the purpose of investigations and other law enforcement activities under this Act, the Minister may, on any terms and conditions the Minister considers necessary, exempt wildlife officers who are carrying out duties or functions under this Act, and persons acting under their direction and control, from the application of any provision of this Act or the regulations.

• 11(6)Obstruction

  When a wildlife officer or an analyst is carrying out duties or functions under this Act or the regulations, no person shall

• 11(6)(a)

  knowingly make any false or misleading statement either orally or in writing to the wildlife officer or analyst; or

• 11(6)(b)

  otherwise wilfully obstruct the wildlife officer or analyst.

• 11.1Inspections
• 11.1(1)

  For the purpose of ensuring compliance with this Act and the regulations, a wildlife officer may, subject to subsection (3), at any reasonable time enter and inspect any place in which the officer believes, on reasonable grounds, there is any thing to which this Act or the regulations apply or any document relating to the administration of this Act or the regulations, and the wildlife officer may

• 11.1(1)(a)

  open or cause to be opened any container that the wildlife officer believes, on reasonable grounds, contains any such thing or document;

• 11.1(1)(b)

  inspect the thing and take samples free of charge;

• 11.1(1)(c)

  require any person to produce the document for inspection or copying, in whole or in part; and

• 11.1(1)(d)

  seize any thing by means of or in relation to which the wildlife officer believes, on reasonable grounds, this Act or the regulations have been contravened or that the wildlife officer believes, on reasonable grounds, will provide evidence of a contravention.

• 11.1(1.1)Analysts

  An analyst may, for the purposes of this Act, accompany a wildlife officer who is carrying out an inspection of a place under this section, and the analyst may, when accompanying the wildlife officer, enter the place and exercise any of the powers described in paragraphs (1)(a) and (b).

• 11.1(2)Conveyance

  For the purposes of carrying out the inspection, the wildlife officer may stop a conveyance or direct that it be moved, by the route and in the manner that the officer may specify, to a place specified by the officer where the inspection can be carried out.

• 11.1(3)Dwelling-place

  The wildlife officer may not enter a dwelling-place except with the consent of the occupant or person in charge of the dwelling-place or under the authority of a warrant.

• 11.1(4)Warrant

  Where on ex parte application a justice, as defined in section 2 of the Criminal Code, is satisfied by information on oath that the justice may issue a warrant authorizing the wildlife officer to enter the dwelling-place subject to any conditions that may be specified in the warrant.

• 11.1(4)(a)

  the conditions for entry described in subsection (1) exist in relation to a dwelling-place,

• 11.1(4)(b)

  entry to the dwelling-place is necessary in relation to the administration of this Act or the regulations, and

• 11.1(4)(c)

  entry to the dwelling-place has been refused or there are reasonable grounds for believing that entry will be refused,

• 11.11Right of passage

  While carrying out duties or functions under this Act, wildlife officers and analysts, and any persons accompanying them, may enter on and pass through or over private property without being liable for doing so and without any person having the right to object to that use of the property.

• 11.12Assistance

  The owner or person in charge of a place being inspected under section 11.1, and every person found in the place, shall

• 11.12(a)

  give the wildlife officer or analyst all reasonable assistance to enable the wildlife officer or analyst to carry out their duties or functions under this Act; and

• 11.12(b)

  provide the wildlife officer or analyst with any information with respect to the administration of this Act that he or she may reasonably require.

• 11.13Immunity

  Wildlife officers, analysts and persons acting under a wildlife officer’s direction and control are not personally liable for anything they do or omit to do in good faith under this Act.

• 11.2Search and seizure without warrant

  For the purpose of ensuring compliance with this Act and the regulations, a wildlife officer may exercise the powers of search and seizure provided in section 487 of the Criminal Code without a warrant if the conditions for obtaining a warrant exist but by reason of exigent circumstances it would not be feasible to obtain the warrant.

• 11.3Custody of things seized
• 11.3(1)

  Subject to subsections (2) and (3), where a wildlife officer seizes a thing under this Act or under a warrant issued under the Criminal Code,

• 11.3(1)(a)

  sections 489.1 and 490 of the Criminal Code apply; and

• 11.3(1)(b)

  the wildlife officer, or any person that the officer may designate, shall retain custody of the thing subject to any order made under section 490 of the Criminal Code.

• 11.3(2)Forfeiture where ownership not ascertainable

  Where the lawful ownership of or entitlement to the seized thing cannot be ascertained within thirty days after its seizure, the thing, or any proceeds of its disposition, are forfeited to

• 11.3(2)(a)

  Her Majesty in right of Canada, if the thing was seized by a wildlife officer employed in the federal public administration; or

• 11.3(2)(b)

  Her Majesty in right of a province, if the thing was seized by a wildlife officer employed by the government of that province.

• 11.3(3)Perishable things

  Where the seized thing is perishable, the wildlife officer may dispose of it or destroy it, and any proceeds of its disposition must be

• 11.3(3)(a)

  paid to the lawful owner or person lawfully entitled to possession of the thing, unless proceedings under this Act are commenced within ninety days after its seizure; or

• 11.3(3)(b)

  retained by the wildlife officer pending the outcome of the proceedings.

• 11.3(4)Abandonment

  The owner of the seized thing may abandon it to Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province.

• 11.4Disposition by Minister

  Any thing that has been forfeited or abandoned under this Act must be dealt with and disposed of as the Minister may direct.

• 11.5Liability for costs

  If a thing is seized under this Act or under a warrant issued under the Criminal Code, the person who owned the thing at the time it was seized, the person who had charge or control of the thing immediately before it was seized and the person who possessed it immediately before it was seized are jointly and severally, or solidarily, liable for all the costs of seizure, detention, maintenance and forfeiture, including any destruction or disposal costs, incurred by Her Majesty in right of Canada in relation to the thing in excess of any proceeds of its disposition, if any.

• 11.6Meaning of order

  For the purpose of sections 11.7 to 11.97 order means a compliance order issued under section 11.7.

• 11.7Compliance order
• 11.7(1)

  Whenever, during the course of an inspection or a search, a wildlife officer has reasonable grounds to believe that any provision of this Act or the regulations has been contravened by a person who is continuing the commission of the offence, or that any of those provisions are likely to be contravened, the wildlife officer may issue a compliance order directing any person who causes or contributes to the alleged contravention, or who is likely to do so, to take any of the measures referred to in subsection (2) that are reasonable in the circumstances and consistent with wildlife conservation and public safety in order to cease or refrain from committing the alleged contravention.

• 11.7(2)Specific measures

  The order may specify that the person to whom the order is directed take one or more of the following measures:

• 11.7(2)(a)

  refrain from doing anything in contravention of this Act or the regulations, or do anything to comply with this Act or the regulations;

• 11.7(2)(b)

  stop or shut down any activity, work, undertaking or thing for a specified period;

• 11.7(2)(c)

  cease the operation of any activity or any part of a work, undertaking or thing until the wildlife officer is satisfied that the activity, work, undertaking or thing will be operated in accordance with this Act and the regulations;

• 11.7(2)(d)

  move any conveyance to another location including, in the case of a vessel, moving the vessel into port or, in the case of an aircraft, landing the aircraft;

• 11.7(2)(e)

  unload or reload the contents of any conveyance; and

• 11.7(2)(f)

  take any other measure that the wildlife officer considers necessary to facilitate compliance with the order or to protect and conserve wildlife and wildlife habitat, including

• 11.7(2)(f)(i)

  maintaining records on any relevant matter,

• 11.7(2)(f)(ii)

  reporting periodically to the wildlife officer, and

• 11.7(2)(f)(iii)

  submitting to the wildlife officer any information, proposal or plan specified by the wildlife officer that sets out any action to be taken by the person with respect to the subject matter of the order.

• 11.7(3)Contents of order

  Subject to section 11.8, an order must be made in writing and must set out

• 11.7(3)(a)

  the name of the person or persons to whom the order is directed;

• 11.7(3)(b)

  the provision of this Act or the regulations that is alleged to have been or that is likely to be contravened;

• 11.7(3)(c)

  the relevant facts surrounding the alleged contravention;

• 11.7(3)(d)

  the measures to be taken;

• 11.7(3)(e)

  the time or the day when each measure is to begin or the period during which it is to be carried out;

• 11.7(3)(f)

  subject to subsection (4), the duration of the order;

• 11.7(3)(g)

  a statement that a request for a review may be made to the Environmental Protection Tribunal of Canada; and

• 11.7(3)(h)

  the period within which a request for a review may be made.

• 11.7(4)Duration of order

  An order may not be in force for a period of more than 180 days.

• 11.7(5)Failing to file report

  For the purposes of subsection (1), a person who commits an offence by failing to file a report required by this Act or the regulations is deemed to be continuing the commission of the offence each day that the report is not filed.

• 11.7(6)Statutory Instruments Act

  An order is not a statutory instrument for the purposes of the Statutory Instruments Act.

• 11.8Exigent circumstances
• 11.8(1)

  In the case of exigent circumstances, an order may be given orally on the condition that it is followed, within seven days, by a written order issued in accordance with section 11.7.

• 11.8(2)Meaning of exigent circumstances

  For greater certainty, exigent circumstances includes circumstances in which the delay necessary to issue a written order that meets the requirements of subsection 11.7(3) would result in danger to human life or to the environment, including wildlife.

• 11.9Notice of intent
• 11.9(1)

  Except in exigent circumstances, a wildlife officer shall, whenever practicable, before issuing an order,

• 11.9(1)(a)

  provide every person who will be subject to the order with an oral or written notice of the officer’s intention to issue it; and

• 11.9(1)(b)

  allow a reasonable opportunity in the circumstances for the person to make oral representations.

• 11.9(2)Contents of notice of intent

  The notice of intent to issue the order must include

• 11.9(2)(a)

  a statement of the purpose of the notice;

• 11.9(2)(b)

  a reference to the statutory authority under which the order is to be issued; and

• 11.9(2)(c)

  a statement that the party notified may make oral representations to the wildlife officer within the period stated in the notice.

• 11.91Compliance with the order
• 11.91(1)

  A person to whom an order is directed shall, immediately on receipt of the order or a copy of it or on being directed by a wildlife officer in an order given orally under subsection 11.8(1), comply with the order.

• 11.91(2)No bar to proceedings

  The issuance of or compliance with an order in respect of a person’s alleged contravention of this Act or the regulations is not a bar to any proceedings against the person under this or any other Act in relation to the alleged contravention.

• 11.92Intervention by wildlife officer
• 11.92(1)

  If a person to whom an order is directed fails to take any measures specified in the order, a wildlife officer may take the measures or cause them to be taken.

• 11.92(2)Access to property

  A wildlife officer or other person authorized or required by a wildlife officer to take measures under subsection (1) may enter and have access to any place or property and may do any reasonable thing that may be necessary in the circumstances.

• 11.92(3)Personal liability

  Any person, other than a person referred to in subsection 11.7(1), who provides assistance or advice in taking the measures specified in an order or who takes any measures authorized or required by a wildlife officer under subsection (1) is not personally liable either civilly or criminally in respect of any act or omission in the course of providing assistance or advice or taking any measures under that subsection unless it is established that the person acted in bad faith.

• 11.93Recovery of reasonable costs and expenses by Her Majesty
• 11.93(1)

  Her Majesty in right of Canada may recover the costs and expenses of and incidental to any measures taken under subsection 11.92(1) from any person who caused or contributed to the alleged contravention, to the extent of the person’s negligence in causing or contributing to the alleged contravention.

• 11.93(2)Costs must have been reasonably incurred

  The costs and expenses may only be recovered to the extent that they can be established to have been reasonably incurred in the circumstances.

• 11.93(3)Procedure

  A claim under this section may be sued for and recovered by Her Majesty in right of Canada with costs in proceedings brought or taken in the name of Her Majesty in right of Canada in any court of competent jurisdiction.

• 11.93(4)Recourse or indemnity

  This section does not limit or restrict any right of recourse or indemnity that a person may have against any other person.

• 11.93(5)Limitation period

  If events giving rise to a claim under this section occur, no proceedings in respect of the claim may be instituted more than five years after the day on which the events occur or become evident to the Minister, whichever is later.

• 11.93(6)Minister’s certificate

  A document purporting to have been issued by the Minister certifying the day on which the events giving rise to a claim under this section came to the knowledge of the Minister shall be received in evidence and, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, the document is to be considered as proof of that fact without proof of the signature or of the official character of the person appearing to have signed the document and without further proof.

• 11.94Request for review
• 11.94(1)

  Any person to whom an order is directed may, by notice in writing given to the Environmental Protection Tribunal of Canada within 30 days after the day on which the person receives a copy of the written order or after the oral order is given, make a request to the Environmental Protection Tribunal of Canada for a review of the order.

• 11.94(2)Extension of period for request

  The Chairperson of the Environmental Protection Tribunal of Canada, or any member of the Tribunal that they may designate, may extend the period within which a request for a review may be made if, in their opinion, it is in the public interest to do so.

• 11.95Variation or cancellation of order
• 11.95(1)

  At any time before the Environmental Protection Tribunal of Canada receives a notice requesting a review of an order, the wildlife officer may, after giving reasonable notice,

• 11.95(1)(a)

  amend or suspend a term or condition of the order, or add a term or condition to, or delete a term or condition from, the order;

• 11.95(1)(b)

  cancel the order;

• 11.95(1)(c)

  correct a clerical error in the order; or

• 11.95(1)(d)

  extend the duration of the order for a period of not more than 180 days less the number of days that have passed since the day on which the order was received by the person who is subject to it.

• 11.95(2)Notice of intent

  Except in exigent circumstances, a wildlife officer shall, whenever practicable, before exercising a power under paragraph (1)(a) or (d),

• 11.95(2)(a)

  provide every person who will be subject to the order with an oral or written notice of the officer’s intention to exercise the power; and

• 11.95(2)(b)

  allow a reasonable opportunity in the circumstances for the person to make oral representations.

• 11.95(3)Contents of notice of intent

  The notice of intent to exercise a power under paragraph (1)(a) must include

• 11.95(3)(a)

  a statement of the purpose of the notice;

• 11.95(3)(b)

  a reference to the statutory authority under which the power is to be exercised; and

• 11.95(3)(c)

  a statement that the party notified may make oral representations to the wildlife officer within the period stated in the notice.

• 11.96Regulations

  The Minister may make regulations

• 11.96(a)

  prescribing the form of reporting to wildlife officers under subparagraph 11.7(2)(f)(ii) and specifying the information required to be contained in or to accompany the report; and

• 11.96(b)

  of either particular or general application, respecting representations made to wildlife officers under subsection 11.9(1) or 11.95(2).

• 11.97Review

  Sections 257 to 271 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 apply, with any modifications that the circumstances require, to a review requested of any order.

• 12Regulations

  The Governor in Council may make regulations

• 12(a)

  respecting the prohibition against entry, generally or for any specified period or purpose, by persons on lands under the administration of the Minister, or on public lands referred to in an order made under subsection 4(3), or on any part of those lands;

• 12(b)

  specifying the measures to be taken, in cooperation with the government of any province having an interest therein, for the protection of any species of wildlife in danger of extinction;

• 12(c)

  for the implementation of the provisions of any agreement under this Act;

• 12(d)

  for the preservation, control and management of lands purchased, acquired or leased pursuant to section 9;

• 12(e)

  specifying the use for any purpose of any lands purchased or acquired pursuant to section 9 if that use is compatible with wildlife research, conservation and interpretation;

• 12(f)

  respecting the closing of lands purchased or acquired pursuant to section 9 to persons who endanger the wildlife thereon;

• 12(g)

  respecting the issuance, renewal, revocation and suspension of permits, leases, stamps and other authorizing instruments required to carry on any activity under this Act or the regulations;

• 12(h)

  for charging fees for the permits, leases, stamps or other authorizing instruments and for determining the amount of the fees and the terms and conditions under which they are to be paid;

• 12(i)

  prescribing measures for the conservation of wildlife

• 12(i)(i)

  on public lands the administration of which has been assigned to the Minister pursuant to any federal law,

• 12(i)(ii)

  on public lands referred to in an order made under subsection 4(3), or

• 12(i)(iii)

  in any protected marine areas established pursuant to subsection 4.1(1);

• 12(j)

  respecting the establishment of facilities or the construction, maintenance and operation of works for wildlife research, conservation and interpretation

• 12(j)(i)

  on public lands the administration of which has been assigned to the Minister pursuant to any federal law,

• 12(j)(ii)

  on public lands referred to in an order made under subsection 4(3), or

• 12(j)(iii)

  in any protected marine areas established pursuant to subsection 4.1(1); and

• 12(k)

  designating provisions of the regulations for the purposes of paragraph 13(1)(b).

• 13Offence
• 13(1)

  Every person commits an offence who contravenes

• 13(1)(a)

  subsection 11(6) or 11.91(1);

• 13(1)(b)

  any provision of the regulations designated by regulations made under paragraph 12(k); or

• 13(1)(c)

  an order made by a court under this Act.

• 13(2)Penalty — individuals

  Every individual who commits an offence under subsection (1) is liable,

• 13(2)(a)

  on conviction on indictment,

• 13(2)(a)(i)

  for a first offence, to a fine of not less than $15,000 and not more than $1,000,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than five years, or to both, and