Execution Act

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Sections79

• 1Definitions

  1 In this Act, “execution creditor” includes a person in whose name or on whose behalf a writ of execution is issued on a judgment, or in whose favour an order has been made for the seizure and sale of personal property, real property or both real property and personal property; (“créancier saisissant”) “execution debtor” includes a person against whom a writ of execution is issued on a judgment or an order has been made for the seizure and sale of personal property, real property or both real property and personal property; (“débiteur saisi”) “judgment creditor” means a person, whether plaintiff or defendant, who has recovered judgment against another person, and includes a person entitled to enforce a judgment; (“créancier judiciaire”) “judgment debtor” means a person, whether plaintiff or defendant, against whom a judgment has been recovered; (“débiteur judiciaire”) “prescribed amount…

• 1.
• 2Exemptions

  2 (1) The following personal property of a debtor that is not a corporation is, at the option of the debtor, exempt from forced seizure or sale by any process at law or in equity: 1. Necessary clothing of the debtor and the debtor’s dependants. 2. Household furnishings and appliances that are of a value not exceeding the prescribed amount. 3. Tools and other personal property of the debtor, not exceeding the prescribed amount in value, that are used by the debtor to earn income from the debtor’s occupation. 4. One motor vehicle that is of a value not exceeding the prescribed amount. 5. Personal property prescribed by the regulations that is of a value not exceeding the prescribed amount. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (6). Personal property exceeding exempted value (1.1) Despite paragraphs 2, 3, 4 and 5 of subsection (1), if the value of the personal property exceeds the prescribed amount f…

• 2.
• 3Sale and refund of amount of exemption, household furnishings, etc.

  3 (1) If an exemption is claimed for household furnishings or an appliance that has a sale value in excess of the sum of the amount prescribed for the purpose of paragraph 2 of subsection 2 (1) and the costs of the sale, and other personal property is not available for seizure and sale, the furnishings or appliance are subject to seizure and sale under a writ of execution and the prescribed amount referred to in that paragraph shall be paid to the debtor out of the proceeds of the sale. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (7). Same, motor vehicle (2) If an exemption is claimed for a motor vehicle that has a sale value in excess of the sum of the amount prescribed for the purpose of paragraph 4 of subsection 2 (1) and the costs of the sale, the motor vehicle is subject to seizure and sale under a writ of execution and the prescribed amount referred to in that paragraph shall be paid to the debtor…

• 3.
• 3. #3
• 4Money derived from sale of exempted goods

  4 The sum to which a debtor is entitled under subsection 3 (1), (2) or (4) is exempt from attachment or seizure at the instance of a creditor. R.S.O. 1990, c. E.24, s. 4; 2006, c. 19, Sched. B, s. 6 (2); 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (8). Section Amendments with date in force (d/m/y) 2006, c. 19, Sched. B, s. 6 (2) - 22/06/2006 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (8) - 01/12/2015

• 4.
• 5Selection of exempt personal property by execution debtor

  5 (1) Subject to section 2, the execution debtor is entitled to select, from his or her personal property, the personal property he or she claims as exempt from forced seizure and sale. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (9). If execution debtor is deceased (2) If an execution debtor dies before the seizure and sale of his or her personal property, the following rules apply: 1. A selection made by the debtor in accordance with subsection (1) before death remains valid after death and may not be changed by an executor, administrator or heir of the debtor. 2. If the execution debtor dies before making or completing the selection under subsection (1), the selection or remaining selection shall be made as follows: i. If the deceased debtor has a surviving spouse, the surviving spouse shall make the selection. ii. If there is no surviving spouse, a surviving dependant of the debtor shall make the se…

• 5.
• 6Repealed

  6 Repealed: 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (10). Section Amendments with date in force (d/m/y) 1993, c. 27, Sched. - 31/12/1991; 1999, c. 6, s. 24 (5) - 01/03/2000 2005, c. 5, s. 26 (6) - 09/03/2005 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (10) - 25/10/2010 Rules concerning exemptions

• 6.
• 7Personal property for which debt was incurred

  7 (1) The provisions of this Act with respect to exemptions do not apply to personal property that is exempt from seizure to satisfy a debt contracted for the purchase of the personal property, unless the personal property is furnishings required to maintain a functional household or ordinary wearing apparel of the debtor or his or her dependants. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (11). Debt for maintenance (2) The exemptions prescribed in this Act do not apply to exempt any article from seizure to satisfy a debt for maintenance of a spouse or former spouse or of a child, except tools, instruments and chattels ordinarily used by the debtor in the debtor’s business, profession or calling. R.S.O. 1990, c. E.24, s. 7 (2); 1999, c. 6, s. 24 (6); 2005, c. 5, s. 26 (7). Chattels purchased to defeat creditors (3) The exemptions prescribed in this Act do not apply to chattels purchased for the purpose…

• 7.
• 8Disputes

  8 (1) Where a dispute arises as to, (a) whether or not a chattel is eligible for exemption from seizure under sections 2 to 7; or (b) whether or not chattels claimed to be exempt exceed the value of the exemption prescribed by section 2, the debtor or creditor may apply to the Superior Court of Justice for the determination of the question, and the court shall determine the question after a hearing upon such notice to such persons as the court directs. R.S.O. 1990, c. E.24, s. 8 (1); 2000, c. 26, Sched. A, s. 8 (7). (2) Repealed: 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (14). Section Amendments with date in force (d/m/y) 2000, c. 26, Sched. A, s. 8 (7, 8) - 06/12/2000 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (14) - 25/10/2010; 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (13) - no effect - see 2020, c. 11, Sched. 9, s. 2 - 08/07/2020

• 8.
• 9Sheriff may sell any lands of execution debtor

  9 (1) The sheriff to whom a writ of execution against lands is delivered for execution may seize and sell thereunder the lands of the execution debtor, including any lands whereof any other person is seized or possessed in trust for the execution debtor and including any interest of the execution debtor in lands held in joint tenancy. R.S.O. 1990, c. E.24, s. 9. Exception (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to permit the seizure and sale of real property held by another person in trust for the execution debtor if the writ of execution authorizes only the seizure and sale of personal property. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (15). Section Amendments with date in force (d/m/y) 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (15) - 25/10/2010 When writs of execution are binding

• 9.
• 10Definition

  10 (0.1) In this section and section 11, “index” means the electronic database maintained by the sheriff as the index of writs of execution. 2024, c. 2, Sched. 8, s. 1 (1). When binding against personal property (1) A writ of execution against real property and personal property or against only personal property and any renewal of it binds the personal property against which it is issued from the time it is filed with the sheriff and entered into the index. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (16); 2024, c. 2, Sched. 8, s. 1 (2). Execution issued out of Small Claims Court (2) Despite subsection (1), a writ of seizure and sale of personal property issued out of the Small Claims Court, (a) is not entered into the index; and (b) is binding on personal property of the execution debtor only from the time the personal property is seized. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (16); 2024, c. 2, Sched. 8, s. 1 (3)…

• 10.
• 11Writ not to bind lands unless name of debtor sufficient

  11 (1) Where the name of an execution debtor set out in a writ of execution is not that of a corporation or the firm name of a partnership, the writ does not bind the lands of the execution debtor unless, (a) the name of the execution debtor set out in the writ includes at least one given name in full; or (b) a statutory declaration of the execution creditor or execution creditor’s solicitor is filed with the sheriff identifying the execution debtor by at least one given name in full. R.S.O. 1990, c. E.24, s. 11 (1). When writ binds land (2) Subject to subsection (3), where a statutory declaration is filed under clause (1) (b), the name of the execution debtor set out in the writ shall be deemed to contain the given names affirmed in the declaration and the writ binds land from the time the declaration is noted in the index. R.S.O. 1990, c. E.24, s. 11 (2); 2024, c. 2, Sched. 8, s. 2. De…

• 11.
• 12Repealed

  12 Repealed: 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (18). Section Amendments with date in force (d/m/y) 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (18) - 25/10/2010

• 12.
• 13Liability of land to execution

  13 Subject to the Courts of Justice Act and the rules of court, land and other hereditaments and real estate belonging to any person indebted are liable to and chargeable with all just debts, duties and demands of whatsoever nature or kind owing by any such person to His Majesty or to any of his subjects and are assets for the satisfaction thereof and are subject to the like remedies, proceedings and process for seizing, selling or disposing of them towards the satisfaction of such debts, duties and demands, and in like manner as personal estate is seized, sold or disposed of. R.S.O. 1990, c. E.24, s. 13; 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (19). Section Amendments with date in force (d/m/y) 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (19) - 25/10/2010 CTS 6 FE 25 - 1 - 06/02/2025

• 13.
• 13.1Definitions re ss. 14, 15, 16 and 19

  13.1 In sections 14, 15, 16 and 19, “endorsement”, “entitlement order”, “instruction”, “issuer”, “securities intermediary”, “security” and “security entitlement” have the meanings given to those terms in the Securities Transfer Act, 2006. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (20). Section Amendments with date in force (d/m/y) 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (20) - 25/10/2010

• 14.
• 14Seizure of execution debtor’s interest in security, security entitlement

  14 (1) The interest of an execution debtor in a security or security entitlement may be seized by the sheriff in accordance with sections 47 to 51 of the Securities Transfer Act, 2006. 2006, c. 8, s. 143 (1). When effective (2) If a seizure under subsection (1) is by notice to an issuer or securities intermediary, the seizure becomes effective when the issuer or securities intermediary has had a reasonable opportunity to act on the seizure, having regard to the time and manner of receipt of the notice. 2006, c. 8, s. 143 (1). Seizure includes dividends, other rights to payment (3) Every seizure and sale made by the sheriff shall include all dividends, distributions, interest and other rights to payment in respect of the security, if issued by an issuer incorporated or otherwise organized under Ontario law, or in respect of the security entitlement and, after the seizure becomes effective…

• 14. #14
• 15.
• 15Sheriff may deal with seized interest in security, security entitlement

  15 (1) If an execution debtor’s interest in a security or security entitlement is seized by a sheriff, the sheriff shall be deemed to be the appropriate person under the Securities Transfer Act, 2006 for the purposes of dealing with or disposing of the seized property and, for the duration of the seizure, the execution debtor is not the appropriate person under that Act for the purposes of dealing with or disposing of the seized property. 2006, c. 8, s. 143 (1). Same (2) Upon seizure of an execution debtor’s interest in a security or a security entitlement, the sheriff may, (a) do anything that would otherwise have to be done by the execution debtor; or (b) execute or endorse any document that would otherwise have to be executed or endorsed by the execution debtor. 2006, c. 8, s. 143 (1). Certificate of sheriff’s authority (3) If the sheriff makes or originates an endorsement, instructio…

• 16.
• 15. #16
• 16Application

  16 (1) This section applies if the interest of an execution debtor in a security is seized by a sheriff and the jurisdiction that governs the validity of the security under section 44 of the Securities Transfer Act, 2006 is Ontario. 2006, c. 8, s. 143 (1). Sheriff bound by restriction (2) Subject to subsection (4), if the transfer of the seized security is restricted by the terms of the security, a restriction imposed by the issuer or a unanimous shareholder agreement governed by the law of Ontario, the sheriff is bound by the restriction. 2006, c. 8, s. 143 (1). Person entitled to acquire or redeem seized security (3) Subject to subsection (4), if a person would otherwise be entitled to acquire or redeem the seized security for a predetermined price or at a price fixed by reference to a predetermined formula, that person is entitled to acquire or redeem the security. 2006, c. 8, s. 143 …

• 17.
• 17Rights under patent of invention

  17 (1) All rights under letters patent of invention and any equitable or other right, property, interest or equity of redemption therein shall be deemed to be personal property and may be seized and sold under execution in like manner as other personal property, subject to such limitations as may be imposed under an Act of Parliament. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (24). How seizable (2) A seizure and sale referred to in subsection (1) may be made by the sheriff after a writ of execution is filed with the sheriff against the property of the debtor who is the owner of or has an interest in the letters patent. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (24). Notice of seizure (3) Notice of the seizure shall forthwith be sent to the office in which the right or interest is registered, and the interest of the debtor shall be bound from the time when the notice is received there. R.S.O. 1990, c. E.24, s. 17 (3…

• 18.
• 16. #18
• 18Seizure and sale of rights in chattels, etc.

  18 (1) The sheriff may seize and sell any equitable or other right, property, interest or equity of redemption in or in respect of any goods, chattels or personal property, including leasehold interests in any land of the execution debtor, and, except where the sale is under an execution against goods issued out of the Small Claims Court, the sale conveys whatever equitable or other right, property, interest or equity of redemption the debtor had or was entitled to in or in respect of the goods, chattels or personal property at the time of the delivery of the execution to the sheriff for execution, and, where the sale is under an execution against goods issued out of the Small Claims Court, the sale conveys whatever equitable or other right, property, interest or equity of redemption the debtor had or was entitled to in or in respect of the goods, chattels or personal property at the tim…

• 19.
• 19Application

  19 (1) This section does not apply in respect of the interest of an execution debtor in a security or security entitlement that is subject to seizure under section 14. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (28). Right of seizure (2) The sheriff may seize money and banknotes belonging to an execution debtor and any of the following money and property: 1. At the request of the execution creditor, any surplus from a previous execution against the execution debtor. 2. Any instrument held by the execution debtor that is a negotiable instrument when in the possession of the sheriff. 3. Any instrument that is a mortgage referred to in section 23, a specialty or another security for money held by the execution debtor. 4. Accounts receivable held by the execution debtor and any other chose in action held by the execution debtor. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (28). Legal action to collect (3) Subject to subse…

• 20.
• 20Execution of writ of seizure and sale

  20 (1) A sheriff acting under a writ of seizure and sale, a writ of delivery or a writ of sequestration may use reasonable force to enter land and premises other than a dwelling where he or she believes, on reasonable and probable grounds, that there is property liable to be taken in execution under the writ and may use reasonable force to execute the writ. R.S.O. 1990, c. E.24, s. 20 (1). Idem, dwelling (2) A sheriff acting under a writ of seizure and sale, a writ of delivery or a writ of sequestration in respect of property on premises that is used as a dwelling shall not use force to enter the dwelling or execute the writ except under the authority of an order of the court by which the writ was issued, and the court may make the order where in the opinion of the court there are reasonable and probable grounds to believe that there is property on the premises that is liable to be taken…

• 21.
• 21Execution of writ of possession

  21 (1) A sheriff acting under a writ of possession may use reasonable force to enter and take possession of the land and premises referred to in the writ. R.S.O. 1990, c. E.24, s. 21 (1). Idem (2) In executing a writ of possession it is not necessary to remove personal property from the land and premises. R.S.O. 1990, c. E.24, s. 21 (2); 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (29). Application to court for directions (3) Where a question arises in relation to the measures to be taken by a sheriff or any person assisting the sheriff in carrying out a writ of possession, the sheriff or any interested person may apply to a judge of the Superior Court of Justice for directions. 2024, c. 2, Sched. 8, s. 3. Section Amendments with date in force (d/m/y) 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (29) - 25/10/2010 2024, c. 2, Sched. 8, s. 3 - 06/03/2024

• 22.
• 22Sheriff not required to seize personal property claimed by third parties

  22 Unless ordered to do so by a judge of the Superior Court of Justice, a sheriff is not required to seize personal property that is in the possession of a third person who is claiming it and that is not in the possession of the debtor against whose property the writ of execution was issued. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (30). Section Amendments with date in force (d/m/y) 2000, c. 26, Sched. A, s. 8 (9) - 6/12/2000 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (30) - 25/10/2010

• 23.
• 23Seizure of interest of mortgagee

  23 (1) If an execution creditor is aware that the execution debtor holds a mortgage of real property that is registered, or that the debtor is entitled to receive a sum of money secured by a charge on real property that is a registered instrument, the execution creditor may provide the sheriff with a written direction to seize the mortgage or the debtor’s rights under the instrument and such other information as is necessary to enable the sheriff to give a notice to the land registrar in whose office the mortgage or instrument is registered that the sheriff is seizing and taking in execution all of the estate, right, title and interest of the execution debtor under the mortgage or instrument. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (31). Effect of registration of sheriff’s notice to registrar (2) On registration of the notice, (a) the rights and interest of the execution debtor under the mortgage or…

• 24.
• 24Notice to mortgagor

  24 (1) On registration of the notice referred to in section 23, the sheriff shall serve a notice of the seizure on the mortgagor. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (32). Service (2) A notice under subsection (1) may be served, (a) by personal service; (b) by leaving a copy of the notice with a person who appears to be an adult at the last known address of the person to be served; or (c) by sending a copy of the notice by registered mail to the last known address of the person to be served. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (32). Payment to the sheriff (3) After being served with a notice under subsection (1), the mortgagor shall pay to the sheriff, (a) any amount then payable but not yet paid by the mortgagor to the execution debtor; and (b) all amounts as and when they would otherwise become due by the mortgagor to the execution debtor, until advised by the sheriff that the execution has been satis…

• 25.
• 25Enforcing mortgage

  25 In addition to the remedies provided in this Act, the execution creditor has the same rights as a mortgagee in respect of a seized mortgage, including any right to bring an action on the mortgage or other instrument seized under this Act for the sale or foreclosure of the real property subject to the mortgage or charge. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (33). Section Amendments with date in force (d/m/y) 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (33) - 25/10/2010

• 26.
• 26Seizure continues until writ expires, etc.

  26 (1) When the rights of a debtor under a mortgage or other instrument are seized under section 23, the seizure, (a) continues in effect until the writ of execution expires or is withdrawn; and (b) is deemed to be vacated when the writ of execution expires or is withdrawn. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (34). Vacating the seizure (2) On receipt of a written direction from an execution creditor or on the order of the court, the sheriff or the execution creditor shall prepare and give to the execution debtor or another interested person a certificate in a form approved by the Attorney General which, upon registration, vacates the seizure. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (34). Section Amendments with date in force (d/m/y) 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (34) - 25/10/2010

• 27.
• 27Taking security interests in personal property in execution

  27 (1) Where an execution debtor is a secured party and the security interest is perfected by registration under the Personal Property Security Act, upon payment of the proper fees, a sheriff may seize the security interest by registering a financing change statement under that Act in the form prescribed thereunder recording the seizure of the security interest and the sheriff, after registering the financing change statement, may sell the execution debtor’s security interest. R.S.O. 1990, c. E.24, s. 27 (1). Effect of registration (2) Upon the registration of the financing change statement referred to in subsection (1), the security interest of the execution debtor is bound by the execution, and the registration is notice of the execution and seizure to all persons who may thereafter acquire an interest in the security agreement or the property subject to the security interest and the r…

• 28.
• 28Lands subject to mortgage

  28 (1) Where the word “mortgagor” occurs in this section, it shall be read and construed as if the words “the mortgagor’s heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, or person having the equity of redemption” were inserted immediately after the word “mortgagor”. R.S.O. 1990, c. E.24, s. 28 (1). Interest of a mortgagor (2) The sheriff to whom an execution against the lands and tenements of a mortgagor is directed may seize, sell and convey all the interest of the mortgagor in any mortgaged lands and tenements. R.S.O. 1990, c. E.24, s. 28 (2). Equity of redemption (3) The equity of redemption in freehold land is saleable under an execution against the lands and tenements of the owner of the equity of redemption in the owner’s lifetime, or in the hands of the owner’s executors or administrators after the owner’s death, subject to the mortgage, in the same manner as land and tenements may n…

• 29.
• 29Contingent interests liable to execution

  29 (1) Any estate, right, title or interest in land which, under section 10 of the Conveyancing and Law of Property Act, may be conveyed or assigned by any person, or over which the person has any disposing power that the person may, without the assent of any other person, exercise for the person’s benefit, is liable to seizure and sale under execution against such person in like manner and on like conditions as land is by law liable to seizure and sale under execution, and the sheriff selling it may convey and assign it to the purchaser in the same manner and with the same effect as the person might have done. R.S.O. 1990, c. E.24, s. 29 (1). Property subject to power of appointment (2) Property over which a deceased person had a general power of appointment exercisable for his or her own benefit without the assent of any other person where it is appointed by his or her will may be seiz…

• 30.
• 30Repealed

  30 Repealed: 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (36). Section Amendments with date in force (d/m/y) 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (36) - 25/10/2010

• 31.
• 31Execution against partner

  31 Under an execution against a partner in his or her personal capacity, partnership assets shall not be taken in execution, but an order may be made appointing a receiver of the partner’s share of profits whether already declared or accruing and of any other money that may be coming to him or her in respect of the partnership. R.S.O. 1990, c. E.24, s. 31.

• 32.
• 32How execution enforceable against executor, etc.

  32 The title and interest of a testator or intestate in land may be seized and sold under an execution upon a judgment recovered by a creditor of the testator or intestate against his or her executor or administrator in the same manner and under the same process as upon a judgment against the deceased if he or she were living. R.S.O. 1990, c. E.24, s. 32.

• 33.
• 33Repealed

  33 Repealed: 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (37). Section Amendments with date in force (d/m/y) 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (37) - 25/10/2010

• 34.
• 34Jurisdiction of sheriff on annexation

  34 (1) The following rules apply when an area of real property in a county or district is annexed for judicial purposes to an adjoining county or district: 1. Subject to section 136 of the Land Titles Act, all writs of execution filed with the sheriff for the county or district to which the area is annexed that are still in force at the time of the annexation bind the real property in the annexed area from the effective date of the annexation until the execution expires or is withdrawn. 2. The annexed area is deemed to remain in the jurisdiction of the sheriff for the county or district of which the area was formerly a part in respect of each writ of execution that, at the time of the annexation, has been filed with that sheriff until the writ is withdrawn, expires or is renewed. 3. A sheriff referred to in paragraph 1 or 2 shall not take any steps to seize and sell real or personal prop…

• 35.
• 35Regulations

  35 (1) The Lieutenant Governor in Council may make regulations, (a) prescribing amounts for the purposes of paragraph 2, 3, 4 or 5 of subsection 2 (1) or subsection 2 (2); (b) prescribing rules and procedures governing the process for seizing and selling property that is not exempt from seizure and the process for selecting and valuing property that is exempt from seizure, including, (i) procedures by which a debtor may select property that is exempt from seizure to be retained by the debtor and time limits for making such selections, (ii) procedures governing the valuation process of personal property that is exempt from seizure, including rules governing when a valuation is necessary, time limits for carrying out such valuations and submitting the valuation report to the sheriff and the debtor and procedures for involving the debtor in the valuation process, (iii) procedures to be foll…

• 36Forms

  36 The Attorney General may approve the use of forms for any purpose of this Act, specify the procedure for the use of the forms and require their use for any purpose of this Act. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (42). Section Amendments with date in force (d/m/y) 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (42) - 25/10/2010

• 36.
• 37Application of Creditors’ Relief Act, 2010

  37 The money and proceeds from property received by a sheriff under an execution or as a result of executing a writ of execution shall be applied and distributed by the sheriff in accordance with the Creditors’ Relief Act, 2010. 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (42). Section Amendments with date in force (d/m/y) 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 3 (42) - 25/10/2010 ____________________

• 37.