Bill S-13 explained in plain English
An Act to implement the Framework Agreement on Integrated Cross-Border Maritime Law Enforcement Operations between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America
Federal Parliament bill summary, status, timeline, sponsor, votes, and official sources.
At a glance
Official Parliament of Canada snapshot for 40th Parliament, 3rd Session. MP vote breakdowns appear when the House of Commons publishes a recorded division export for that bill. Senate and House stage details include official debate/sitting links when LEGISinfo publishes them.
Our plain-language take, written for civic education.
Source: By PoliticalData.ca
Bill S-13 implements a Canada-U.S. agreement to allow joint maritime law enforcement operations in border waters by designating officers from both countries as peace officers with powers to conduct cross-border patrols and investigations.
Bill S-13 creates a new law called the "Keeping Canadians Safe (Protecting Borders) Act" to allow Canadian and American law enforcement officers to work together on joint maritime patrols in border waters between Canada and the United States. The law implements a framework agreement signed by both countries in May 2009. Under this act, designated officers from Canada (members of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police or provincial police) and designated officers from the United States (U.S. Coast Guard or U.S. law enforcement) can be appointed to conduct integrated cross-border maritime operations. These operations involve deploying a vessel with officers from both countries to enforce the law in undisputed ocean or internal water areas along the Canada-U.S. border. The law grants these designated officers the status of peace officers in Canada, allows them to detain persons and seize vessels under Canadian law when operating in Canada, and establishes complaint and investigation procedures for their conduct. It also makes technical amendments to the Criminal Code, Customs Act, and Export and Import Permits Act to support these operations.
- Creates the Keeping Canadians Safe (Protecting Borders) Act to implement the Framework Agreement on Integrated Cross-Border Maritime Law Enforcement Operations signed between Canada and the U.S. on May 26, 2009
- Designates the Commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (or delegate) as Canada's Central Authority to manage and direct integrated cross-border maritime operations
- Allows the Canadian Central Authority to appoint Canadian-based designated officers: RCMP members, provincial police officers, and aircraft crew members used to support operations
- Allows the Canadian Central Authority to appoint U.S.-based designated officers (recommended by the U.S. Central Authority): U.S. Coast Guard officers, U.S. law enforcement officers, and aircraft crew members used to support operations
- Grants designated officers status as peace officers in Canada when acting in integrated cross-border operations, with the same powers to enforce federal law as RCMP members
- Establishes that Canadian law applies to persons detained in Canada during these operations and that no person may be removed from Canada except under Canadian law
- Establishes that Canadian law applies to vessels and goods seized in Canada during these operations, with exceptions for operational or geographical necessity (such as continuing operations in U.S. waters, bad weather, or navigable channels that pass through U.S. waters)
- Establishes that vessels and goods seized in the U.S. remain under American control if brought into Canada in situations of operational or geographical necessity
- Exempts designated officers from federal import/export laws when transporting seized vessels or goods in the circumstances described in the bill
- Amends the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Act to establish a complaint system: members of the public can file complaints about designated officers' conduct to either the Commission or provincial police complaint authorities
- Establishes procedures for investigating complaints, including notification of the Central Authority and the officer involved (unless investigation might be harmed)
- Adds designated officers to the definition of 'peace officer' in the Criminal Code for purposes of cross-border operations
- Amends the Customs Act to allow alternative presentation procedures for certain classes of persons
- Amends the Export and Import Permits Act to allow regulations respecting conditions applicable to exemptions
- Adds offences under the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Act for harassing, intimidating, or threatening persons involved in complaints or investigations, or obstructing such investigations
- Establishes procedures for investigating 'serious incidents' involving designated officers (incidents that may have caused serious injury or death, or may constitute a federal or provincial offence in the public interest to investigate)
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police members appointed as designated officers
- Provincial police officers appointed as designated officers
- Aircraft crew members (pilots, co-pilots, observers) appointed as designated officers
- U.S. Coast Guard officers and U.S. law enforcement officers appointed as designated officers
- Members of the public who may file complaints about designated officers' conduct
- Persons detained in Canada during integrated cross-border operations
- Vessel owners and operators whose vessels are seized during integrated cross-border operations
- The Canadian and U.S. governments as parties to the implementation agreement
- Provincial police complaint authorities responsible for receiving and investigating complaints
- The Royal Canadian Mounted Police Commission, which investigates complaints about designated officers
- Importers and exporters affected by amended customs and import/export permit regulations
- The Canadian Central Authority must train and approve all designated officers before they may be appointed
- The Canadian Central Authority is responsible for the direction and management of integrated cross-border operations in cooperation with the U.S. Central Authority
- The Canadian Central Authority may suspend or revoke the appointment of any designated officer
- Designated officers have the right to be treated as peace officers in Canada and to exercise the same powers as RCMP members when enforcing federal law during cross-border operations
- Persons detained in Canada during cross-border operations have the right to have Canadian law apply to them and cannot be removed from Canada except under Canadian law
- Seized vessels and goods in Canada must be treated under Canadian law except in cases of operational or geographical necessity
- Members of the public have the right to file complaints about designated officers' conduct with either the Commission or provincial police authorities
- The Central Authority must notify designated officers of complaints against them (unless notification might harm an investigation)
- The Central Authority must make reasonable efforts to find an investigative body or police force to investigate 'serious incidents' and must document those efforts
- When a police force investigates a serious incident, the Commission may appoint an observer to assess the impartiality of the investigation
- Observers appointed to investigate serious incidents have the right to participate in investigations and to report concerns about impartiality to the Commission and Central Authority
- The Central Authority and police forces must respond in writing to observer reports that identify concerns about impartiality and describe what actions they will take
- The Framework Agreement was signed on May 26, 2009
- The bill was passed by the Senate on March 10, 2011
- The bill's provisions (other than sections 22 and 23 regarding coordinating amendments) come into force on a day or days to be fixed by order of the Governor in Council (section 24); a specific date has not been established in the bill text
- Persons who harass, intimidate, or threaten an observer appointed under the RCMP Act or a person involved in a complaint may be guilty of an offence under the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Act (section 50.1(1)(a))
- Persons who wilfully obstruct a person carrying out powers or functions under the cross-border operation provisions or who knowingly provide false or misleading information may be guilty of an offence (section 50.1(1)(b))
- Persons who destroy, mutilate, alter, falsify, or conceal a document or thing relevant to an investigation of a complaint, or who make a false document or thing, knowing it is likely to be relevant, may be guilty of an offence (section 50.1(1)(c))
- Persons guilty of offences related to witness procedures (failing to appear, refusing to take oath, refusing to answer questions, using insulting language, or printing observations designed to injure reputation or dissuade witnesses) are liable to a fine of not more than $5,000 or imprisonment for not more than six months or both (section 50(3))
- The bill does not specify the detailed training requirements for designated officers; it refers to 'required training, approved by the Central Authority for Canada'
- The bill does not define what constitutes a 'serious incident' with complete specificity; it relies on decisions by the Minister, Central Authority, or provincial ministers regarding whether conduct 'would be in the public interest to be investigated'
- The bill does not establish specific timelines for many procedures, using vague language such as 'as soon as possible'
- The bill's provisions regarding the complaint system include complex coordinating amendments that apply differently depending on whether other related bills (C-38 and C-43) receive royal assent and when their sections come into force
- The scope of 'undisputed areas of the sea or internal waters' is not precisely defined in the bill; it relies on the term as used in the underlying Framework Agreement
- The bill does not establish detailed procedures for joint investigations between Canadian and U.S. authorities; section 45.89(10) only states that the Commission 'may' conduct joint investigations and that 'The Minister may make regulations' about them
- The bill does not specify the consequences if designated officers from either country violate the Agreement or applicable laws during operations
- The bill does not clarify whether designated officers retain their authority under U.S. law when operating in U.S. waters or whether the agreement addresses this
The Act is amended to create new sections (45.48 to 45.51 or 45.88 to 45.99, depending on the coming-into-force sequencing) establishing complaint and investigation procedures for designated officers operating in integrated cross-border operations, and to add exemptions for U.S. designated officers from certain restrictions.
The definition of 'peace officer' in section 2 is amended to include designated officers when acting in the course of integrated cross-border operations.
Sections 11(6) and 11.1(3) are amended to authorize alternative presentation procedures for certain classes of persons and to allow the Minister to prescribe conditions applicable to exemptions.
Section 12 is amended to allow the Minister to make regulations respecting conditions applicable to exemptions prescribed under the Act.
Generated using AI from official bill text. Not legal advice. It is written by PoliticalData.ca for civic education, automatically checked and spot-reviewed before publishing.
Official textThe official summary published alongside the bill, shown exactly as written.
Source: Parliament of Canada (LEGISinfo)
A legislative summary is currently being prepared for this bill by the Parliamentary Information and Research Service of the Library of Parliament. Meanwhile, the following executive summary is available. On 26 October 2010, the Leader of the Government in the Senate introduced Bill S-13, An Act to implement the Framework Agreement on Integrated Cross-Border Maritime Law Enforcement Operations between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America (Keeping Canadians Safe (Protecting Borders) Act, in the House of Commons and it was given first reading. Bill S-13 implements the Framework Agreement on Integrated Cross-Border Maritime Law Enforcement Operations between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America signed on May 26, 2009. The coming to force of this legislation will permit specially designated Canadian and American law enforcement personnel to jointly work on marine law enforcement vessels in boundary waters, such as the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway, and off both east and west coasts.
This is the official summary published by the Parliament of Canada, shown verbatim. Not legal advice. PoliticalData.ca did not write or edit this text.
View on LEGISinfoParliamentary Process
Bill S-13, concerning integrated cross-border maritime law enforcement operations with the United States, completed its first reading in the Senate on October 26, 2010, and subsequently went through all readings and committee stages before moving to the House of Commons.
This artifact describes the procedural steps for Bill S-13 in the Senate. On October 26, 2010, the bill completed its first reading in the Senate. The record indicates subsequent stages including second reading, committee review, report stage, and third reading, with the final activity being third reading on March 10, 2011. It also notes that one amendment was adopted at the third reading stage. The bill then moved to the House of Commons, where it was awaiting first reading.
On October 26, 2010, in the Senate, Bill S-13 regarding cross-border maritime law enforcement operations with the United States was introduced and read for the first time, and various other legislative and committee matters were discussed and debated.
On October 26, 2010, the Senate was in session. During this sitting, Bill S-13, An Act to implement the Framework Agreement on Integrated Cross-Border Maritime Law Enforcement Operations between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America, was introduced and received its first reading. Senators also debated other matters, including seniors' programs, international events, energy policy, product safety, foreign relations, tobacco control, and digital strategy. Multiple committee reports were adopted, and debates on various bills and inquiries continued or were adjourned.
Bill S-13, concerning integrated cross-border maritime law enforcement operations between Canada and the US, completed its Senate stages, including second reading and third reading with an amendment, and has moved to the House of Commons.
This artifact details the process of Bill S-13, An Act to implement the Framework Agreement on Integrated Cross-Border Maritime Law Enforcement Operations between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America, through the Senate. The bill completed its second reading stage in the Senate on October 28, 2010, with speeches from senators including Fabian Manning and Tommy Banks occurring on November 24 and December 15, 2010. Following this, the bill proceeded through committee review, report stage, and third reading, with one amendment adopted at the third reading stage. The bill subsequently moved to the House of Commons for its first reading and is currently awaiting first reading there.
On October 28, 2010, the Senate debated Bill S-13 concerning cross-border maritime law enforcement operations with the U.S., adjourned debate on the bill, and addressed other legislative and public policy matters.
This artifact summarizes a sitting of the Senate that took place on October 28, 2010. The sitting included routine proceedings, question period, and the consideration of several bills and committee reports. Notably, the Senate considered Bill S-13, "An Act to implement the Framework Agreement on Integrated Cross-Border Maritime Law Enforcement Operations between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America" (also known as the Canada-U.S. Shiprider agreement), at the second reading stage, where debate was adjourned. Other items discussed included Bill S-8 (Senatorial Selection Bill) and a committee report on the rise of China, India, and Russia. The Senate also addressed matters raised during question period concerning child soldiers, veterans' recognition, foreign affairs, and the purchase of F-35 aircraft.
During the Senate's second reading debate on Bill S-13, the sponsor, Senator Fabian Manning, explained the bill's purpose to implement a cross-border maritime law enforcement agreement with the U.S. to combat organized crime, and after his speech and related questions, the debate was adjourned.
This document records the Senate proceedings on October 28, 2010. The main item of business related to Bill S-13 was the speech by Senator Fabian Manning, the sponsor of the bill, during the second reading debate. Senator Manning explained that Bill S-13 aims to implement a framework agreement between Canada and the United States for integrated cross-border maritime law enforcement operations. He stated the bill would allow specially trained officers from both countries to work together on each other's marine vessels in shared waters to enforce laws on both sides of the border, thereby preventing criminals from exploiting these waters to evade justice. He highlighted the success of previous pilot projects, known as "Shiprider" operations, in seizing contraband and making arrests. Senator Manning emphasized that the bill respects the rule of law, constitutionally protected rights, and the sovereignty of both nations, with Canadian law enforcement directing activities in Canadian jurisdiction and U.S. officers in U.S. jurisdiction. He urged senators to support the bill, stating it would enhance border security and hold more criminals accountable. Senator Hugh Segal asked clarifying questions about the relationship between the U.S. Coast Guard (a military service) and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (a non-military service) in the context of the bill, and whether it would affect the naval reserves. Senator Manning responded that designated officers from both sides would participate, with jurisdiction remaining under Canadian authority in Canadian waters and U.S. authority in U.S. waters, ensuring laws are respected and criminals cannot escape. The debate on Bill S-13 was adjourned after Senator Manning's speech and Senator Segal's questions. The Senate also addressed other matters, including tabling of reports, notices of motions, and debates on other bills and committee reports.
On November 24, 2010, the Senate continued debate on Bill S-13 concerning Canada-U.S. maritime law enforcement cooperation, heard various statements and questions, and processed other legislative and committee matters.
This document is a record of a Senate sitting on November 24, 2010. It includes various proceedings such as Senators' Statements, Routine Proceedings (tabling of documents, notices of motions), Question Period, and Orders of the Day. Notably, it contains the continuation of the debate at second reading for Bill S-13, concerning integrated cross-border maritime law enforcement operations between Canada and the United States. Senator Tommy Banks spoke on this bill, highlighting his review of reciprocity and the specific powers granted to Canadian and U.S. officers. Other proceedings included debates and motions on various topics, including a report on user fees for the National Parole Board, amendments to the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, and the Canada Pension Plan. The document also records statements on international affairs, healthcare, racial stereotyping, and other matters.
During the Senate's second reading debate on Bill S-13, Senator Tommy Banks spoke in support of the bill, highlighting its role in enhancing Canada-U.S. maritime law enforcement cooperation, but adjourned the debate to seek further details on reciprocity and the scope of authorities granted.
During the Senate's second reading debate on Bill S-13, Senator Tommy Banks spoke in favour of the bill, noting it would improve cooperation between Canada and the United States on maritime law enforcement. He indicated that the bill is a ratification of a framework agreement signed in May 2009. Senator Banks raised two points he was still seeking details on: the reciprocity of the agreement with U.S. legislation and the specific authorities granted to individuals operating in the other country. He moved to adjourn the debate until he could gather this information. The Senate also dealt with other matters, including tabling reports, introducing new bills, question period exchanges on various topics, and adopting several motions and reports. The proceedings included discussions on Barbados's late Prime Minister David John Howard Thompson, a survivor of violence in Uganda, Canada's healthcare system, media stereotyping, and the anniversary of an insurance brokerage. There were also debates and inquiries on the Privacy Commissioner's appointment, French language services, international conventions, foreign aid, government contracts, harbour dredging, and the situation in Afghanistan. Additionally, discussions occurred regarding a user fee proposal for pardon applications, amendments to the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, amendments to the Canada Pension Plan, and inquiries into pluralism, racism, and palliative care. The Senate also condemned attacks in Pakistan and authorized a committee to extend its reporting date.
During the Senate's second reading debate on Bill S-13, which concerns cross-border maritime law enforcement with the U.S., senators proceeded with the bill's passage after brief remarks, and it was sent to committee.
On December 15, 2010, the Senate held its second reading debate for Bill S-13, which aims to implement a maritime law enforcement agreement between Canada and the United States. The debate focused on the procedural aspects of the bill and did not delve into the specifics of the agreement itself. The sitting also included various other proceedings such as tabling committee reports, first reading of a bill, question period on diverse topics like F-35 aircraft purchases and rail freight service, and debates on other bills. The sitting concluded with the adoption of Bill S-13 at second reading, and it was then referred to the Standing Senate Committee on National Security and Defence for further study.
Bill S-13 completed its committee consideration stage in the Senate on March 1, 2011, before moving to further stages in the Senate and then to the House of Commons.
This record shows that Bill S-13, an act to implement a maritime law enforcement agreement between Canada and the United States, completed its committee consideration stage in the Senate on March 1, 2011. This stage involved reviewing the bill in detail. Following this, the bill proceeded to the report stage and then third reading in the Senate, after which it moved to the House of Commons for its first reading.
During a Senate sitting, the National Security and Defence Committee reported Bill S-13 with amendments, alongside other debates, tributes, and procedural matters.
This record details a Senate sitting where the Standing Senate Committee on National Security and Defence presented its sixth report on Bill S-13. The committee reported the bill with several amendments. The sitting also included tributes to former Senator Marian L. Maloney, discussions on Red Cross Month, the TD Black Student Opportunity Grant, the situation in Libya, the 2011 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, an award received by Senator Sharon Carstairs, and the passing of Jean-Marc Léger. Routine proceedings involved the tabling of various documents, including the Main Estimates and reports related to the Nisga'a Final Agreement and regulations concerning Libya. Question Period addressed topics such as the international response to the uprising in Libya, freezing assets of former Tunisian officials, operational stress injuries, and CRTC appointments. Several bills were also debated or presented, including amendments to the Electricity and Gas Inspection Act and Weights and Measures Act, the Criminal Code and National Defence Act, the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, and the Canada Pension Plan Act, as well as bills regarding the selection of senators, rural postal services, and protection of children. The sitting concluded with the presentation of the committee's report on Bill S-13.
The Senate completed its Report stage for Bill S-13, a bill to implement a maritime law enforcement agreement with the United States, before it moved to third reading and then to the House of Commons.
This artifact describes the Senate Report stage for Bill S-13, which occurred on March 2 and March 3, 2011. The report stage is a procedural step where the Senate reviews a bill after it has been considered in a committee. Following the report stage, the bill proceeded to third reading in the Senate. The artifact also notes that one amendment was adopted at the third reading stage. Bill S-13 aims to implement a framework agreement between Canada and the United States for integrated cross-border maritime law enforcement operations. The bill has since moved to the House of Commons for its first reading.
On March 2, 2011, the Senate held a sitting that included debates on Bill S-13 and other legislative matters, alongside discussions on government policies and reports.
This artifact is a record of a Senate sitting that took place on March 2, 2011. The sitting included various procedural activities such as tabling reports, giving notices of motions, and Question Period. A significant portion of the sitting involved debates on several bills, including Bill S-13, which aims to implement a maritime law enforcement agreement between Canada and the United States. The Senate also debated other bills concerning child pornography, criminal code amendments for fraud sentencing, and amendments to acts related to electricity and weights and measures. Additionally, there were discussions on government policy, including the Nutrition North Canada program, a national violence prevention strategy, and the appointment of a CRTC vice-chairperson. The sitting concluded with several debates being adjourned.
On March 3, 2011, the Senate debated and advanced several bills, including Bill S-13, adopted its budget, and heard discussions on various public policy issues during Senators' Statements and Question Period.
The Senate record for March 3, 2011, includes a variety of discussions and procedural actions. It begins with Senators' Statements, honouring a deceased citizen and discussing the "Democratic Representation Act," CBC/Radio-Canada reporting, and the political engagement of women. Routine Proceedings involved tabling reports and presenting committee reports on bills. The Question Period addressed topics like the cost of prisons, climate change policy, Parks Canada funding, financial support for the International Criminal Court, the Affordable Housing Initiative, the Church of Scientology, and bilingualism in the public service. The "Orders of the Day" section details the progress of several bills, including third readings, second readings, committee referrals, and adjourned debates. Notably, Bill S-13, concerning cross-border maritime law enforcement with the U.S., had its sixth report adopted. Several other bills, such as those amending the Criminal Code, Aeronautics Act, Electricity and Gas Inspection Act, Weights and Measures Act, and the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, were debated or advanced. The Senate also adopted its budget for the upcoming fiscal year and authorized a committee to sit during a Senate sitting. Finally, the Senate adjourned until March 8, 2011.
Bill S-13 successfully passed its third reading in the Senate and is now awaiting first reading in the House of Commons, with one amendment adopted during the Senate's third reading.
This record shows that Bill S-13 completed its third reading in the Senate on March 10, 2011. The bill has now moved to the House of Commons, where it is awaiting its first reading. The process included several stages: first reading, second reading with related speeches, consideration in committee, report stage, and finally, third reading. One amendment was adopted during the third reading stage.
On March 8, 2011, the Senate sat for a third reading debate on Bill S-13, an act to implement a maritime law enforcement agreement with the United States, and also paid tribute to former Senator Keith D. Davey.
This artifact is a record of the Senate sitting on March 8, 2011. The sitting included Senators' Statements, Routine Proceedings, Question Period, and Orders of the Day. A significant portion of the sitting was dedicated to paying tribute to the late Honourable Keith D. Davey, a former senator, with several senators sharing memories and reflections on his career and impact. Other discussions included Canada's energy future, colorectal cancer awareness, and nutrition month. There were also notices of motions regarding extending a committee's report deadline and urging government action on the Ivory Coast conflict. Question Period addressed issues such as caregiver provisions, diversity and equality, missing and murdered Aboriginal women, child care services, and violence against women and girls. The Orders of the Day included debates and readings of various bills, including Bill S-13, An Act to implement the Framework Agreement on Integrated Cross-Border Maritime Law Enforcement Operations between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America, which was moved for third reading and debate was adjourned. The artifact does not contain the full text of any bill, but rather records the procedural steps and discussions that occurred during the sitting.
During the Senate's third reading debate of Bill S-13 on March 9, 2011, senators discussed proposed amendments related to expenditure reporting and the bill's title, highlighting procedural considerations and the bill's implementation.
This artifact is a record of the Senate sitting on March 9, 2011. The main business of the day, related to Bill S-13, was the debate at the third reading stage. Senator Roméo Antonius Dallaire proposed an amendment concerning the reporting of government expenditures related to the bill's implementation. Senator Gerald J. Comeau questioned the amendment and its timing. Senator Pamela Wallin responded, stating that the bill implements a treaty and specific program funding is determined later. Senator Joseph A. Day also spoke, proposing an amendment to change the short title of the bill to 'Protecting Maritime Borders Act'. The artifact also includes discussions on other bills and reports, as well as senators' statements on various topics, but the procedural focus for Bill S-13 was the third reading debate and proposed amendments.
The Senate debated and passed Bill S-13, an Act to implement the Framework Agreement on Integrated Cross-Border Maritime Law Enforcement Operations between Canada and the United States, at its third reading stage after agreeing to one amendment.
On March 10, 2011, the Senate was in its third reading stage for Bill S-13. The Senate debated and amended the bill. Specifically, they agreed to an amendment proposed by Senator Manning to replace language in clause 17. However, amendments proposed by Senator Dallaire and Senator Day were not agreed to. Following these amendments, the bill, as amended, was read a third time and passed, on division. The bill will now proceed to the House of Commons for first reading.
We don't have a plain-language summary for First reading yet. The official source linked below is the full record.
We don't have a plain-language summary for Second reading yet. The official source linked below is the full record.
We don't have a plain-language summary for Consideration in committee yet. The official source linked below is the full record.
We don't have a plain-language summary for Report stage yet. The official source linked below is the full record.
We don't have a plain-language summary for Third reading yet. The official source linked below is the full record.
Debate and sitting links point to official parliamentary sources when LEGISinfo publishes them. Any plain-language discussion summaries should be generated from those official texts and reviewed before public display.
Vote Summary
This bill is still active. We only show vote counts after the legislature publishes a recorded division.
No published representative vote breakdown
This bill is still moving through the process. When a recorded division is published, representative positions can be listed here.
Official sources
Status, sponsor, votes, and timeline on this page are drawn from these official legislative sources and public records. Each summary above is attributed to its own source.
How this data is sourced