OntarioDid Not Pass43rd Parliament, 1st Session

Bill 172 explained in plain English

Affordable Energy Act, 2024

Environment & Climate Economy, Business & Trade Housing

Ontario legislature bill summary, status, timeline, sponsor, votes, and official sources.

How This Type of Bill Becomes Law Official source

At a glance

Jurisdiction

Ontario Legislature

Legislature / Parliament

Legislative Assembly of Ontario

Session

43rd Parliament, 1st Session

Bill number

Bill 172

Full title

Affordable Energy Act, 2024

Current status

Did Not Pass

Latest event

Lost on division

Last updated

Apr 15, 2024

Sponsor

Peter Tabuns

Official Legislative Assembly of Ontario snapshot for 43rd Parliament, 1st Session. Representative vote breakdowns appear when the Assembly publishes an Ayes and Nays page for the bill.

Chamber

Legislative Assembly of Ontario

Current Stage

Lost on division

Latest Activity

Apr 15, 2024

Sponsor

Peter Tabuns

Plain-language explanation

In plain English (our explanation)

Our plain-language take, written for civic education.

Source: By PoliticalData.ca

AI-assisted, reviewed before publishing

Short Version

Bill 172 establishes Ontario's Community Energy Affordability Plan and creates Affordable Energy Ontario to develop programs promoting distributed renewable energy resources and deep building retrofits to improve energy affordability.

What It Means

Bill 172, the Affordable Energy Act, 2024, aims to make energy more affordable for Ontarians by promoting two main strategies: distributed energy resources (such as rooftop solar panels and battery storage) and deep retrofits (major upgrades to building systems that reduce energy use). The bill requires Ontario's Premier to prepare and implement a plan called "Ontario's Community Energy Affordability Plan" within 12 months of the Act coming into force. This Plan must set out government measures to: - Give electricity customers in homes and public buildings the right to use and benefit from distributed energy resources, including individual net metering, community net metering (where multiple residents share credits), and the ability to subscribe to or invest in community-owned renewable energy projects - Implement deep retrofitting for all Ontario buildings to achieve net zero emissions - Empower residential tenants to make minor energy-saving changes and maintain their housing after retrofits The bill also establishes a new agency called "Affordable Energy Ontario" (Énergie abordable Ontario in French). This agency is responsible for developing, overseeing, financing, and delivering programs related to distributed energy resources and deep building retrofits. Key principles include: - Renewable energy facilities should be owned by community organizations (like co-operatives) - All Ontarians should be able to participate, with priority for low and middle-income residents - Capacity building support should be provided to communities and utilities - For retrofits, social and low-income housing should be prioritized - Unionized workers should be hired where projects are financed by the agency The Premier must review the Plan every two years and update it as needed. The Act comes into force six months after receiving Royal Assent.

What This Bill Does

Requires Ontario's Premier to prepare and implement 'Ontario's Community Energy Affordability Plan' within 12 months of the Act coming into force (section 3)
Mandates public consultation before the Plan is finalized and during every two-year review (sections 3(2), 5(2))
Sets out specific goals the Plan must address, including giving electricity customers the right to use distributed energy resources through net metering, community net metering, and community-owned renewable energy investments (section 4(1))
Requires the Plan to establish goals for deep retrofitting of all Ontario buildings to achieve net zero emissions (section 4(1))
Requires the Plan to empower residential tenants to reduce energy costs by making minor changes and maintaining tenure after retrofits (section 4(1))
Establishes Affordable Energy Ontario as a crown agency (section 6)
Defines the Agency's objects as developing, overseeing, financing, and delivering programs for distributed energy resources and deep retrofitting (section 9)
Sets out principles for distributed energy resource programs, including community ownership, broad participation with priority for low and middle-income residents, and capacity building (section 9(2))
Sets out principles for deep retrofitting programs, including use of modular technologies and prioritization of social and low-income housing (section 9(3))
Requires the Agency to ensure unionized workers are hired where the Agency finances or facilitates projects (section 9(4))
Authorizes the Lieutenant Governor in Council to make regulations governing the Agency's governance, composition, powers, and duties (sections 11, 12)

Who Is Affected

Electricity customers in Ontario homes and public buildings who may benefit from distributed energy resources and net metering programs
Homeowners and tenants who may participate in deep retrofitting programs
Residents of housing co-operatives who may gain access to net metering
Tenants in multi-residential buildings who may benefit from sub-metering and community energy initiatives
Low and middle-income Ontarians, who are identified as a priority group for program participation
Residents of social housing and low-income rental housing, prioritized for deep retrofitting programs
Community energy organizations (co-operatives and eligible public organizations) that may own and operate renewable energy facilities
Municipalities and local distribution utilities that may develop and deliver distributed energy resources programs
Unionized workers who may be hired for retrofitting and energy projects financed or facilitated by the Agency
The Ontario government (through the Premier and relevant ministries) responsible for implementing the Plan

Rights, Duties, Or Obligations

The Premier of Ontario must prepare and implement Ontario's Community Energy Affordability Plan (section 3(1))
The Premier must ensure public consultation is conducted before the Plan is finalized (section 3(2))
The Plan must be published on a Government of Ontario website within 12 months of the section coming into force (section 3(3))
The Plan must set out specific measures to achieve goals including distributed energy resources access, deep retrofitting, and tenant empowerment (section 4(1))
The Plan must describe proposed legislative and regulatory amendments needed to achieve the stated goals (section 4(1))
The Plan must include a detailed implementation timeline (section 4(1))
The Premier must review the Plan every two years and conduct public consultation as part of the review (sections 5(1), 5(2))
The Premier must amend the Plan as advisable and publish amended versions on a Government of Ontario website (section 5(3))
Affordable Energy Ontario may exercise the capacity, rights, powers, and privileges of a natural person, except as limited by the Act or regulations (section 7(1))
The Agency may not borrow money, invest funds, or manage financial risks except in accordance with a by-law approved by the Minister of Finance (section 7(2))
The Agency may not establish a subsidiary corporation except as permitted by regulations (section 7(3))
The Agency may not engage in commercial activities through related persons or entities except as permitted by regulations (section 7(4))
Affordable Energy Ontario must develop, oversee, finance, facilitate, and deliver programs for distributed energy resources and deep retrofitting (section 9(1))
The Agency must apply its revenues only to carry out its objects and duties (section 9(5))
The Agency must ensure unionized workers are hired where projects are financed or facilitated by the Agency (section 9(4))
The Agency's board of directors must manage or supervise the management of the Agency's activities and affairs (section 10(1))
The Agency's board must make by-laws available to the public (section 10(3))
Electricity customers in homes and public buildings have the right to use and benefit from distributed energy resources, including net metering and access to community-owned renewable energy facilities (section 4(1))
Residential tenants have the right to make prescribed minor changes to reduce energy costs (section 4(1))
Residential tenants have the right to maintain residence and tenure after retrofits undertaken by landlords (section 4(1))

Important Dates

The Premier must publish Ontario's Community Energy Affordability Plan on a Government of Ontario website within 12 months following the day section 3 comes into force (section 3(3))
The Act comes into force six months after the day it receives Royal Assent (section 13)
The Premier must cause a review of the Plan to be undertaken no later than the second anniversary of the publication of the Plan and every second anniversary thereafter (section 5(1))

Financial Or Tax Impacts

Money required for the purposes of Affordable Energy Ontario shall be paid out of money appropriated by the Legislature (section 8)
The Agency may finance and deliver programs related to distributed energy resources and deep retrofitting through funding mechanisms to be determined by regulations and the Agency's by-laws (sections 9(1), 7(2))
The bill does not specify the amount of funding to be appropriated or provide cost estimates

Enforcement Or Penalties

The bill text does not specify penalties or enforcement mechanisms for non-compliance with its provisions
Enforcement details would be determined through regulations and governance structures of Affordable Energy Ontario

Uncertainties Or Limits

The bill does not specify what measures the Premier's Plan will recommend or implement regarding distributed energy resources and deep retrofitting; these are to be determined through the planning process
The bill does not define which specific legislative or regulatory amendments will be proposed; section 4(1) requires this to be set out in the Plan
The bill does not specify what "prescribed minor changes" residential tenants may make to reduce energy costs; these will be defined by regulation (section 4(1))
The bill does not specify the total funding amount Affordable Energy Ontario will receive; this depends on future legislative appropriations (section 8)
The detailed governance structure, board composition, and operational procedures of Affordable Energy Ontario are to be determined by regulations, not specified in the bill (sections 6(2), 12)
The bill does not specify timelines for implementing individual programs or achieving specific energy affordability targets; these are to be included in the Plan
The definitions and scope of net metering, community net metering, and other technical terms will be further defined by regulation (sections 1, 11)
The bill does not specify how priority will be determined for low and middle-income residents' participation in programs; this will be determined through regulations and Agency decisions
The extent to which existing regulatory frameworks (such as electricity distribution and utility regulations) will be modified is not specified in this bill

Laws Or Regulations Affected

Co-operative Corporations Act

referenced

The bill references co-operatives under the Co-operative Corporations Act as examples of community energy organizations that may own and operate renewable energy facilities (section 1, definition of 'community energy organizations')

Source: Section 1

Ontario Infrastructure and Lands Corporation Act, 2011

referenced

The bill references eligible public organizations under this Act as examples of community energy organizations that may own and operate renewable energy facilities (section 1, definition of 'community energy organizations')

Source: Section 1

Public Service of Ontario Act, 2006

referenced

Employees of Affordable Energy Ontario may be appointed under Part III of this Act if regulations so provide (section 6(4)), and regulations may allow for employees to be appointed under Part III (section 12(e))

Source: Sections 6(4), 12(e)

Corporations Act

exempted

The Corporations Act does not apply to Affordable Energy Ontario, except as provided by regulations (section 6(5))

Source: Section 6(5)

Corporations Information Act

exempted

The Corporations Information Act does not apply to Affordable Energy Ontario, except as provided by regulations (section 6(5))

Source: Section 6(5)

Not-for-Profit Corporations Act, 2010

exempted

The Not-for-Profit Corporations Act, 2010 does not apply to Affordable Energy Ontario, except as provided by regulations (section 6(5))

Source: Section 6(5)

Generated using AI from official bill text. Not legal advice. It is written by PoliticalData.ca for civic education, automatically checked and spot-reviewed before publishing.

Official text

Process Snapshot

Step 1

First reading

Mar 7, 2024

Step 2

Second reading

Apr 15, 2024

Step 3

Committee review

Not reached yet

Step 4

Third reading

Not reached yet

Step 5

Royal assent

Not reached yet

Vote Summary

Yes

Abstain

Absent / Other

Final recorded vote

Apr 15, 2024

103 representative positions are recorded in this official snapshot for this vote.

Sponsor

Peter Tabuns

New Democratic Party of Ontario | Toronto—Danforth

Jurisdiction

Ontario Legislature

Representative Voting Breakdown

Vote badges include text labels so the table stays readable for everyone, even without color cues alone.

Representative	Role	Riding	Party	Vote	Notes
Peter TabunsSponsor MPP	MPP	Toronto—Danforth	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Adil Shamji MPP	MPP	Don Valley East	Ontario Liberal Party	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Aislinn Clancy MPP	MPP	Kitchener Centre	Green Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Andrea Hazell MPP	MPP	Scarborough—Guildwood	Ontario Liberal Party	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Bhutila Karpoche MPP	MPP	Parkdale—High Park	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Bobbi Ann Brady MPP	MPP	Haldimand—Norfolk	Independent	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Catherine Fife MPP	MPP	Waterloo	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Chandra Pasma MPP	MPP	Ottawa West—Nepean	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Guy Bourgouin MPP	MPP	Mushkegowuk—James Bay	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Jamie West MPP	MPP	Sudbury	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Jeff Burch MPP	MPP	Niagara Centre	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Jennifer K. French MPP	MPP	Oshawa	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Jessica Bell MPP	MPP	University—Rosedale	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Jill Andrew MPP	MPP	Toronto—St. Paul's	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Joel Harden MPP	MPP	Ottawa Centre	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
John Fraser MPP	MPP	Ottawa South	Ontario Liberal Party	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
John Vanthof MPP	MPP	Timiskaming—Cochrane	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Karen McCrimmon MPP	MPP	Kanata—Carleton	Ontario Liberal Party	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Kristyn Wong-Tam MPP	MPP	Toronto Centre	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Lisa Gretzky MPP	MPP	Windsor West	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Lise Vaugeois MPP	MPP	Thunder Bay—Superior North	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Marit Stiles MPP	MPP	Davenport	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Mary-Margaret McMahon MPP	MPP	Beaches—East York	Ontario Liberal Party	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Michael Mantha MPP	MPP	Algoma—Manitoulin	Independent	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Mike Schreiner MPP	MPP	Guelph	Green Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Peggy Sattler MPP	MPP	London West	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Sandy Shaw MPP	MPP	Hamilton West—Ancaster—Dundas	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Sol Mamakwa MPP	MPP	Kiiwetinoong	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Stephanie Bowman MPP	MPP	Don Valley West	Ontario Liberal Party	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Ted Hsu MPP	MPP	Kingston and the Islands	Ontario Liberal Party	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Terence Kernaghan MPP	MPP	London North Centre	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Teresa J. Armstrong MPP	MPP	London—Fanshawe	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Tom Rakocevic MPP	MPP	Humber River—Black Creek	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Wayne Gates MPP	MPP	Niagara Falls	New Democratic Party of Ontario	Yes	Recorded without an additional note.
Amarjot Sandhu MPP	MPP	Brampton West	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Andrew Dowie MPP	MPP	Windsor—Tecumseh	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Anthony Leardi MPP	MPP	Essex	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Aris Babikian MPP	MPP	Scarborough—Agincourt	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Billy Pang MPP	MPP	Markham—Unionville	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Brian Riddell MPP	MPP	Cambridge	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Brian Saunderson MPP	MPP	Simcoe—Grey	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Christine Hogarth MPP	MPP	Etobicoke—Lakeshore	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Daisy Wai MPP	MPP	Richmond Hill	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Dave Smith MPP	MPP	Peterborough—Kawartha	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
David Smith MPP	MPP	Scarborough Centre	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Deepak Anand MPP	MPP	Mississauga—Malton	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Goldie Ghamari MPP	MPP	Carleton	Independent	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Andrea Khanjin MPP	MPP	Barrie—Innisfil	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Caroline Mulroney MPP	MPP	York—Simcoe	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Charmaine A. Williams MPP	MPP	Brampton Centre	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. David Piccini MPP	MPP	Northumberland—Peterborough South	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Donna Skelly MPP	MPP	Flamborough—Glanbrook	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Doug Downey MPP	MPP	Barrie—Springwater—Oro-Medonte	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Ernie Hardeman MPP	MPP	Oxford	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. George Pirie MPP	MPP	Timmins	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Graham McGregor MPP	MPP	Brampton North	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Graydon Smith MPP	MPP	Parry Sound—Muskoka	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Jill Dunlop MPP	MPP	Simcoe North	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Kevin Holland MPP	MPP	Thunder Bay—Atikokan	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Kinga Surma MPP	MPP	Etobicoke Centre	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Laurie Scott MPP	MPP	Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Lisa M. Thompson MPP	MPP	Huron—Bruce	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Michael A. Tibollo MPP	MPP	Vaughan—Woodbridge	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Michael Parsa MPP	MPP	Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Michael S. Kerzner MPP	MPP	York Centre	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Mike Harris MPP	MPP	Kitchener—Conestoga	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Natalia Kusendova-Bashta MPP	MPP	Mississauga Centre	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Neil Lumsden MPP	MPP	Hamilton East—Stoney Creek	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Nina Tangri MPP	MPP	Mississauga—Streetsville	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Nolan Quinn MPP	MPP	Stormont—Dundas—South Glengarry	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Paul Calandra MPP	MPP	Markham—Stouffville	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Peter Bethlenfalvy MPP	MPP	Pickering—Uxbridge	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Prabmeet Singh Sarkaria MPP	MPP	Brampton South	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Raymond Sung Joon Cho MPP	MPP	Scarborough North	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Rob Flack MPP	MPP	Elgin—Middlesex—London	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Sam Oosterhoff MPP	MPP	Niagara West	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Stan Cho MPP	MPP	Willowdale	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Stephen Lecce MPP	MPP	King—Vaughan	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Steve Clark MPP	MPP	Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Todd J. McCarthy MPP	MPP	Durham	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Trevor Jones MPP	MPP	Chatham-Kent—Leamington	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Victor Fedeli MPP	MPP	Nipissing	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Hon. Vijay Thanigasalam MPP	MPP	Scarborough—Rouge Park	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Jess Dixon MPP	MPP	Kitchener South—Hespeler	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
John Jordan MPP	MPP	Lanark—Frontenac—Kingston	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
John Yakabuski MPP	MPP	Renfrew—Nipissing—Pembroke	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Laura Smith MPP	MPP	Thornhill	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Lisa MacLeod MPP	MPP	Nepean	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Logan Kanapathi MPP	MPP	Markham—Thornhill	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Lorne Coe MPP	MPP	Whitby	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Matthew Rae MPP	MPP	Perth—Wellington	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Michael D. Ford MPP	MPP	York South—Weston	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Natalie Pierre MPP	MPP	Burlington	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Patrice Barnes MPP	MPP	Ajax	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Ric Bresee MPP	MPP	Hastings—Lennox and Addington	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Rick Byers MPP	MPP	Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Robin Martin MPP	MPP	Eglinton—Lawrence	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Rudy Cuzzetto MPP	MPP	Mississauga—Lakeshore	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Sheref Sabawy MPP	MPP	Mississauga—Erin Mills	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Stéphane Sarrazin MPP	MPP	Glengarry—Prescott—Russell	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Todd Smith MPP	MPP	Bay of Quinte	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Vincent Ke MPP	MPP	Don Valley North	Independent	No	Recorded without an additional note.
Will Bouma MPP	MPP	Brantford—Brant	Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario	No	Recorded without an additional note.

Official sources

Status, sponsor, votes, and timeline on this page are drawn from these official legislative sources and public records. Each summary above is attributed to its own source.

How this data is sourced